Navegando por Assunto "Sementes - Qualidade"

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Avaliação da qualidade de sementes de soja produzidas no Oeste Baiano: Empresa Ciaseeds
(2019-07-12) Santos, Marília Karine Silva; Viana, Jeandson Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2151004858957292; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8454990292472964
Caracterização do mercado de sementes forrageiras em Garanhuns-PE
(2018-08-27) Macedo, Sthfany Florêncio de; Barreto, Glesser Porto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7580225824861907; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3451850647557464
The cattle farmers' profile has gradually if altered if it observes among them growing concern with the quality of the acquired seeds for the formation of pastures. That change of behavior is associated to the fast technological progress verified in the systems of cattle production. It is noticed that representatives of commercial enterprises of seeds are an important source of information and of knowledge for the consumers / producers, for the resolution of their relative problems to the formation of pastures. The State of Pernambuco is evidencing his/her vocation for the exploration of the livestock, in his/her great majority the livestock is driven by family producers, located mainly in the region of Wild. Most of the area of the state appears for pastoral aptitude handled in those areas. Given that importance, the work had as objective to do a revision on the main aspects related to the quality of seeds of plants forage, as well as to research the market of those seeds (grassy for formation of pastures, leguminous plants, and corn and sorghum for production of silages) in the municipal district of Garanhuns - PE. After the identification of the establishments that you/they marketed seeds forrageiras in the municipal district, it was consisted that there were five stores that sold that type of seeds. It was applied a questionnaire semi-structured then, looking for information regarding the commercialization of the seeds in the year of 2018. The market of seeds of species forage in Garanhuns, in spite of being accomplished by few establishments represents a considerable volume of sale in the year of 2018 it overcame 130 tons of seeds of grassy for the pasture formation. And that the seeds of the gender Brachiaria prevail at the market that corresponds to 71,1% of the total, and being B. decumbens the species more sold at the market with 60.020 kg, corresponding her/it a participation of 46,1% of the whole market. In addition to these, the marketed quantity of corn and sorghum seeds were 50,745 kg for corn seeds and only 5,340 kg for sorghum in Garanhuns, among the cultivars of corn cv. Feroz had greater participation with 33.7% in corn seed market. For the marketing of seed fodder legumes is small only of 450 kg, with only two species sold the estilosantes Campo Grande (Stylosanthes macrocephala and S. capitata) and others just bean seeds-pigeon pea (Cajanus cajanus) demand also is small.
Métodos empregados na superação de dormência tegumentar de sementes de espécies florestais da Caatinga-Uma revisão
(2021-12-10) Moura, Débora Purcina de; Silva, Monalisa Alves Diniz da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0446410743186066; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8519502793959606
A Caatinga é o principal domínio vegetal da região semiárida, mas ao longo dos anos vem passando por um longo e acentuado processo de desmatamento e degradação, principalmente pela ação antrópica. Estratégias para o reflorestamento e restauração com espécies florestais nativas tornam-se necessárias. Há uma grande dificuldade em produzir mudas das espécies florestais da Caatinga, devido a maior parte das sementes apresentar dormência tegumentar, fato que dificulta a germinação. A dormência é caracterizada como o período que a semente não consegue germinar mesmo quando as condições externas são favoráveis. Há vários tipos de dormência sendo eles: fisiológica, morfológica, morfofisiológica, física e combinada, no entanto a que mais dificulta a produção de mudas é a física/tegumentar. A primeira etapa para a germinação é a absorção de água, se o tegumento possui um impedimento não é possível iniciar essa fase e consequentemente as demais. Para cada espécie há um tratamento mais indicado para a superação da dormência, pois o nível de eficiência irá depender da espessura da camada impermeável, presença de substâncias inibidoras e constituintes presentes nesta camada. Desta forma o objetivo da presente revisão foi analisar quais os métodos de superação de dormência tegumentar mais empregados e os mais eficientes que possibilitem a produção de mudas de espécies florestais da Caatinga. Durante a pesquisa foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chave: superação de dormência, dormência tegumentar ou física, germinação, produção de mudas, Caatinga e espécies florestais. A busca pelos artigos publicados foi nas plataformas de pesquisas Google Acadêmico, Science direct, Scielo e Periódicos Capes; considerando três idiomas (português, inglês e espanhol), entre os anos de 2011 a 2021. Foram encontrados 328 artigos, número ainda considerado relativamente baixo, considerando a relevância e importância do tema. O maior número de publicações foi na plataforma Google Acadêmico com um total de 150 acervos. Os artigos foram publicados principalmente no idioma português. Dentre os métodos mais empregados a escarificação mecânica com lixa foi o tratamento que proporcionou maior porcentagem de germinação ou emergência de plântulas. Com relação a toda abordagem realizada verifica-se que há uma necessidade de desenvolver mais pesquisas, buscando por métodos de superação de dormência que sejam eficientes e eficazes, considerando a importância de desenvolver projetos de restauração e reflorestamento em condições semiáridas, como a Caatinga.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes crioulas de feijão-de-corda do Estado de Pernambuco
(2019-08-23) Noronha, Sabrina Porto de; Moser, Luciana Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5884448493094899; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7898320104487689
The physiological quality of seeds is one of the factors responsible for the good development of the plant in the field. In addition, stress conditions (such as saline and water) during the germination phase can also affect seedling emergence and consequently the vegetative development of crops. Therefore, this work aimed to study the physiological quality of black bean seeds from Pernambuco State. These seeds were supplied by farmers and / or associations of farmers from Agreste and Sertão Pernambuco, the experiments were carried out at the CENLAG Plant Production Laboratory of the Garanhuns Academic Unit. The evaluation of seed biometrics was performed by measuring length, width and thickness. In addition to these parameters, the weight of 100 seeds and the water content were also measured. The physiological quality of the seeds was measured by germination parameters (IVG,% of germination and effect of water and saline stress on germination), as well as seedling length and dry mass. Creole seed samples of string beans from the municipalities of Canhotinho, Sao Joao, Garanhuns, Jucati, Brejinho and Serra Talhada were heterogeneous in color and size. The sample from Garanhuns presented the highest water content (15.05) and the smallest from Brejinho (2.56). In the germination percentage, there was variation using the two parameters (radicle emission and normal seedlings), where the sample of the municipality of Brejinho presented the best germination results (100% considering the radicle emission and 20% considering normal seedlings). Garanhuns and São João samples presented the worst 84% considering radicle emission and 1% considering normal seedlings respectively. The samples that were most affected by water and saline stress in germination and IVG of normal seedlings were from São João and Garanhuns, which did not obtain normal seedlings. Seedling growth was affected by saline and water stress, which caused reduction in shoot and root length, being the most severe salt stress. The seedlings from the Canhotinho sample are the most sensitive to saline stress in relation to shoot length and shoot and root dry mass.
Qualidade sanitária de sementes de capim buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris l.) comercializadas nos municípios de Afogados da Ingazeira, Flores e Calumbi no Sertão do Pajeú
(2022-05-23) Araujo, Rafael Pereira de; Albuquerque, Neilza Reis Castro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5706869625614564
The seed is the main disseminator of diseases and the lack of knowledge of the sanitary state of the lot can bring several losses in the establishment of the crop. For buffel grass there is a scarcity of works that inform the sanitary quality of plots sold in Sertão do Pajeú. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the phytosanitary quality of Cenchrus ciliaris seeds commercialized in Sertão do Pajeú. The grass buffel seeds were acquired from the trade and directly from the producer in three municipalities in the region. The batches of seeds sold at home farming were acquired from the municipalities of Afogados da Ingazeira and Flores, harvested in the 2021 crop, the seeds purchased directly with the product came from the municipality of Calumbi, harvested in the 2022 crop, from each municipality it was obtained a batch containing 1 kg of seed, followed by a sanity and germination test. To evaluate the health of the seeds, the filter paper method was used. A total of 200 seeds were used from each randomly chosen lot and arranged in a completely randomized design. Prior to the test, the seeds were disinfected in sodium hypochlorite solution (1.5%) for 2 minutes and 30 seconds in 70% alcohol, the 200 seeds were divided into 10 petri dishes containing a sterile and moistened filter paper (20 seeds / board). The seeds were incubated for eight days at room temperature and under alternating light (12h light/12h dark). At eight days of incubation, they were analyzed for fungal incidence through visual analysis and plating, germination with counting the number of germinable seedlings. The data obtained on fungal incidence and germination were transformed into √(x+0.01), the means of the lots were statistically compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability by the SISVAR program. It was observed that the seeds sold in the municipalities of Afogados da Ingazeira and Flores presented fungal contaminants. The batch from Calubim did not show the presence of contaminants, the presence of bacteria was also observed in the test performed. In the batch of seeds of Afogados da Ingazeira the genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Mucor and Trichoderma were detected in high incidence, for the batch from the municipality of Flores the genera Penicillium and Alternaria were detected in high incidence. The fungal incidence was higher in the batch of Afogados da Ingazeira with 50% of the seeds contaminated. Regarding germination, there was no significant difference at 0.5% probability by the ScottKnott test for three cities studied.