Qualidade sanitária de sementes de capim buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris l.) comercializadas nos municípios de Afogados da Ingazeira, Flores e Calumbi no Sertão do Pajeú

Abstract

The seed is the main disseminator of diseases and the lack of knowledge of the sanitary state of the lot can bring several losses in the establishment of the crop. For buffel grass there is a scarcity of works that inform the sanitary quality of plots sold in Sertão do Pajeú. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the phytosanitary quality of Cenchrus ciliaris seeds commercialized in Sertão do Pajeú. The grass buffel seeds were acquired from the trade and directly from the producer in three municipalities in the region. The batches of seeds sold at home farming were acquired from the municipalities of Afogados da Ingazeira and Flores, harvested in the 2021 crop, the seeds purchased directly with the product came from the municipality of Calumbi, harvested in the 2022 crop, from each municipality it was obtained a batch containing 1 kg of seed, followed by a sanity and germination test. To evaluate the health of the seeds, the filter paper method was used. A total of 200 seeds were used from each randomly chosen lot and arranged in a completely randomized design. Prior to the test, the seeds were disinfected in sodium hypochlorite solution (1.5%) for 2 minutes and 30 seconds in 70% alcohol, the 200 seeds were divided into 10 petri dishes containing a sterile and moistened filter paper (20 seeds / board). The seeds were incubated for eight days at room temperature and under alternating light (12h light/12h dark). At eight days of incubation, they were analyzed for fungal incidence through visual analysis and plating, germination with counting the number of germinable seedlings. The data obtained on fungal incidence and germination were transformed into √(x+0.01), the means of the lots were statistically compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability by the SISVAR program. It was observed that the seeds sold in the municipalities of Afogados da Ingazeira and Flores presented fungal contaminants. The batch from Calubim did not show the presence of contaminants, the presence of bacteria was also observed in the test performed. In the batch of seeds of Afogados da Ingazeira the genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Mucor and Trichoderma were detected in high incidence, for the batch from the municipality of Flores the genera Penicillium and Alternaria were detected in high incidence. The fungal incidence was higher in the batch of Afogados da Ingazeira with 50% of the seeds contaminated. Regarding germination, there was no significant difference at 0.5% probability by the ScottKnott test for three cities studied.