Navegando por Assunto "Pragas agrícolas - Controle"

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Atividade insetistática de pós de origem vegetal sobre Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (1855) em milho armazenado
(2020) Magalhães, Aline Pereira de; Oliveira, Carlos Romero Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2515051171734004; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7331352853811552
Corn is one of the main agricultural crops in Brazil, as it is used to several by-products, fact that contributes to its comercial value and the economic movement in the country. It is an energetic aliment which has high nutricional value and is easy accessible, been part of human and animal diet. However, there are considerable damages due the attack of pest insects, mainly caused by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which has great agricultural importance, for attacking in the field and in the warehouses, in addition to destroying the healthy grain, taking the chance to ovoposit, being considered, therefore, internal primary pest. This pest control is carried out with synthetic insecticides, however, its use is harmful to the environment, besides human and animal heath. The use of vegetable origin powders has been shown to be effective against stored grain pests, moreover, it is easy to obtain and use, also being within the range of the small farmer. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the toxicity and repellency of five powders of vegetable species on S. zeamais. Leaves of Croton pulegiodorus (Velaminho), Momordica charantia (Melão-de-São-Caetano), Azadirachta indica (Nim), Prosopis juliflora (Algaroba) e Ziziphus joazeiro (Juazeiro) were dried and ground, separately, to obtain a refined powder, subsequently applied to samples of corn kernels, in different powder amounts (0g, 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g, 5g), contained in Petri dishes (mortality assessment) and in interconnected flasks (repellency assessment). Each treatment was infested with 10 non-sexed adult insects, using six replications in a completely randomized design, at room temperature. All experiments were evaluated after a period of 72 hours. Only C. pulegiodorus caused high insect mortality (76.67% to 100%), being extremely low when in contact with other plants (0% in Z. joazeiro to 26.67% in A. indica). In addition, the mortality caused by A. indica was higher than that of the control only in the 3g amount of powder, while the other species (P. juliflora, Z. joazeiro and M. charantia) did not differ from the control and neither among themselves. It was observed that only C. pulegiodorus had a repellent action, as the other plants were considered neutral. These results demonstrate that the dry extract (powder) of velaminho (C. pulegiodorus) is a promising alternative for the management of S. zeamais in stored corn as it has biological activity on this coleopteran.
Avaliação de extratos de mamona Ricinus communis e do coité Crescentia cujete L. no controle de Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em feijão caupi
(2019) Ferreira, Vandeilson Bezerra; Evangelista Júnior, Walter Santos; Nascimento, Antônio Henrique Cardoso do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5216997634308364; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6728342264331935; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2799857312943263
Controlling agricultural pests is a practice that has been undergoing innovations constantly. The use of plant extracts appears as an alternative of pest control and is recommended mainly in family agriculture, and in fields of production mainly in organic agriculture, being a low cost product, easy to obtain and high effectiveness in pest control. The extracts of the plants of MamoneiraRicinuscommunisand CoitéCrescentiacujeteL. are promising in the natural control of pests, as they have toxic substances such as ricin, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, respectively. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the extracts of these plants on the black aphid mortality of the common bean Aphis craccivora(Hemiptera: Aphididae). Mamona and Coité extracts caused a high mortality on black bean aphid with rates of 74.69% and 70.23%, respectively. Comparing the black aphid mortality in the different extracts per day after the application of the extracts, it was verified that the Mamona extract had a higher mortality rate (84.86%) on the first day of evaluation and the second day had a coefficient of 81.3%. However, there was no difference between the plant extracts during the five days of evaluation and they differed from the control throughout the evaluation period, which reinforces the efficiency of the use of these extracts in the control of this pest, as well as the necessity of use of control methods. It is concluded that the plant extracts of Mamona and Coité are efficient in controlling the mortality of black aphid A. craccivoraand contribute to the management of this pest in family agriculture, organic and agroecologicalcrops.
Avaliação de extratos secos vegetais para o manejo de Callosobruchus maculatus fabr. (1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) em feijão-caupi armazenado
(2023-05-02) Santos, Priscila Araujo dos; Oliveira, Carlos Romero Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2515051171734004; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1451445237327488
The beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is considered the main pest of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp - Leguminosae (Cowpea) under storage conditions. The use of products of a plant nature, such as powders, aqueous extracts, and oils for the control of agricultural pests have been studied as an alternative for a more sustainable management. Research using vegetable powders is less frequent but of great importance for the small producer, because it has a low cost of preparation, are easy to obtain and use, and do not require skilled labor. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of dry plant extract from the leaves of Croton pulegiodorus Baill. – Euphorbiaceae (Velaminho), Momordica charantia L. – Cucurbitaceae (Melon-de-são-caetano) and Sarcomphalus joazeiro (Mart.) Hauenshild – Rhamnaceae (Juazeiro), on mortality, repellency, oviposition and emergence of C. maculatus in stored cowpea. Arenas consisting of plastic pots (140ml), containing 20g of cowpeas, were used, in which the dry extract of each plant was added separately according to the treatments (0g, 1g; 1.5g; 2g; 2.5g and 3g). After assembling the arenas, 10 non-sexed adult insects were inserted, which were confined for 48 hours in B.O.D (28±2°C, 70±5UR and 24h scotophase). For the mortality test, the live and dead insects were counted, then they were discarded and the data obtained were submitted to ANOVA, and the means were compared by Tukey's test (P < 0.05). For the repellency, arenas composed of two plastic containers, symmetrically interconnected by two plastic tubes, to a central container were used. In the two side pots, 20g of cowpea were deposited, adding in one of them the established amount of dry vegetable extract (treatment) and the other, corresponded to the control. In the central box, 10 adult insects of C. maculatus were released in 10 replications. The insects attracted to each treatment were counted, and the Repellency Index (RI) was determined. The beetles were removed and the number of eggs in all grains was counted, which were transferred to small plastic pots (140ml) and taken back to B.O.D. After 30 days of storage, the number of adult insects emerged was counted. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with 10 replications. The results of RI, oviposition and emergence were submitted to Student's t test to determine their statistical significance. The dry plant extract Croton pulegiodorus was the one that showed the best results among all the plants used, it was the only species that caused mortality of the insects with percentages ranging from 58% to 96%. The RI demonstrated that the treatments containing the dry extract of C. pulegiodorus and S. joazeiro were the only ones that presented repellent effect, which significantly interfered in the oviposition and emergence of insects. It was demonstrated that the extracts of the leaves of C. pulegiodorus and S. joazeiro are promising for the management of C. maculatus. On the other hand, M. charantia did not affect the behavior of the pest in any of the experiments performed, being considered neutral.
Efeitos de produtos químicos na inibição do crescimento de Paracidovorax citrulli
(2023-09-15) Leite, Maria Clara Lopes; Souza, Elineide Barbosa de; Duarte, David Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3180866059475116; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7921711938378088; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0884589107901846
The melon tree (Cucumis melo L.) is a crop of great economic importance for Brazil, especially for the Northeast, region responsible for more than 90% of melon production. In recent decades, melon production has grown exponentially due to favorable climatic conditions with low humidity and little rain, thus producing excellent quality fruits for consumers. However, the crop is susceptible to several phytopathogens that compromise its productivity, leading to a decline in fruit quality. Among these, the bacterium Paracidovorax citrulli stands out, which causes watery spot, a disease whose symptoms can be observed at any stage of development of the melon tree, leading to the loss of several crops. Although there are treatment recommendations to control this bacteriosis, they have not been shown to be effective, leading to the need to carry out new research to find more efficient solutions. Therefore, the objective of the study was to test in vitro the antibacterial activity of four phytosanitary products, Kasumin, Fegatex, Kocide and Quimifol Titanium S, which are used to control water spot. In the in vitro test, in microtiter plates, two isolates of P. citrulli (CCRMAc1.43 and CCRMAcM.1) and three concentrations of phytosanitary products were used, with eight repetitions, with growth inhibition being evaluated after 48 hours by reading for absorbance analysis. To confirm the inhibitory effect, suspensions of each treatment were seeded in NYDA culture medium and inoculated into melon fruits. All product concentrations inhibited the growth of P. citrulli isolates CCRMAc1.43 and CCRMAcM.1. Fegatex® and Kocide® demonstrated a bactericidal effect, with inhibition of bacterial growth from the first concentration, which were 3,000ppm and 0.3g, respectively, with no growth observed in the culture medium and no water spot symptoms in the fruits. The Kasumin product demonstrated bacteriostatic action with bacterial growth inhibited from the second concentration (5,000ppm), but with symptoms of the disease at all concentrations, with the possible occurrence of the condition of viable but non-culturable cells (VBNC) once that no growth was observed in the culture medium. When treated with Quimifol Titanium S, the isolates had their growth inhibited from the second concentration (0.8mL/150mL) and the bacteria grew in the culture medium only when treated with the first concentration of the product (0.09mL/150mL), inducing symptoms in the fruit also at this concentration.
Estudo de cultivo e desenvolvimento do milho (Zea mays) na estação experimental de Itapirema, IPA - Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, Goiana-PE
(2023-09-13) Bezerra, Washington Faustino; Mendonça, Ana Paula Medeiros dos Santos Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9147805649299722; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647562441570704
Irrigação, fertirrigação,tratos culturais, controle fitossanitário e pós-colheita na cultura da uva na fazenda Agrobras
(2019-01) Barros, Marcone da Silva; Silva, Manassés Mesquita da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2249840331584869; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1194656596105442
Produção de cartilhas educativas referentes ao uso e aplicação de agrotóxicos no estado de Pernambuco
(2024-03-13) Estevam Filho, Milton Raimundo; Evangelista Júnior, Walter Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6728342264331935; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7683783580307528
O estado de Pernambuco é um importante produtor agrícola se destacando na produção de frutas como manga, uva, banana e hortaliças como tomate, pimentão e repolho. Nos sistemas de cultivo agrícola é comum o agricultor se deparar com o aparecimento de pragas e doenças fazendo necessário o emprego de técnicas e insumos para o controle. Dentro dos métodos de controle de pragas e doenças os agrotóxicos é um insumo muito utilizado na agricultura, esta importante ferramenta se mal utilizada pode trazer sérios perigos a saúde das pessoas, animais e meio ambiente. É de suma importância a divulgação de práticas de uso correto e seguro visando a proteção da saúde das pessoas animais e meio ambiente. Uma importante ferramenta de divulgação de informações é pequenos livros ilustrados conhecidos como história em quadrinhos, os quais possibilitam a divulgação de informações em formatos de histórias hipotéticas imitando o cotidiano tornando a leitura mais atraente, prendendo a atenção do leitor, bem como sendo de grande importância essa elaboração da cartilha como uma ferramenta informativa para o manejo adequado dos produtos que possibilitará resultados benéficos tanto para os produtores, como para os consumidores dos produtos, e também para o meio ambiente.
Relatório de estágio supervisionado obrigatório na Fazenda Best Fruit: cultura da mangueira (Mangifera indica L.)
(2019-02-06) Silva, Themystocles Nicolette Pereira da; Silva, Mairon Moura da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7221534109119948; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7841792525650546