Navegando por Assunto "Dessalinização da água"

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Diagnóstico dos dessalinizadores no nordeste do Brasil
(2020) Montenegro, Hugo Gico Lima de Assunção; Silveira, Ana Virgínia Marinho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8207812492517198; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9319063360185884
The Brazilian semi-arid region is characterized by irregularity and low rainfall rates, as well as high rates of evapotranspiration and the predominance of crystalline rocks, which impact the groundwater quality. These high saline levels favour scarcity, being access to good quality water for human, animal and productive development a major challenge. The objective of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the current situation of the desalination plants in the municipality of Pesqueira in Pernambuco, Brazil, through technical visits and questionnaire application to community members. Thirteen (13) desalinators were identified in the studied municipality, providing potable water for the population of these regions, of which seventy-seven percent (77%) are fully functioning, and thirty percent (30%) of those do not have a system for the use of concentrated water, this being one of the main environmental problems associated to desalination.
Nanocompósitos de PVA reticulado /óxido de grafeno para fabricação de membranas dessalinizadoras
(2023-09-15) Melo, Niraldo Mateus Medeiros; Ghislandi, Marcos Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3409757365313853; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2987470779254166
The scarcity of drinking water is a growing concern; the limited availability of freshwater and increased demand due to population growth, urbanization and industrial activities have exacerbated this problem. This study investigates the use of graphite to synthesize low-cost graphene oxide (GO) and modify commercial membranes by polymeric crosslinking with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Citric Acid (CA), aiming to improve its properties for retaining salts from brackish water. The samples were characterized by optical analysis and mechanical stability tests, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to investigate changes in the physicochemical, thermal, and microstructural properties of the modified membranes. Characterization via DSC confirms the polymeric crosslinking in membranes modified with PVA in relation to pure polyamide (PA) membranes, and characterization by XRD indicates traces of crystallization due to the PVA-AC interaction. The filtration results obtained showed that polyamide membranes crosslinked with 0.75 mg of OG (PA0.75/RET) obtained better efficiency in the salt retention test (54.77±2.68%) and permeate flux (1.42±0.28 L/m². h. bar) using magnesium sulfate solution. This study confirms the importance of polymeric cross-linking in OG-modified membranes for mechanical stability and salt retention efficiency.
Proposta de dessalinizador solar híbrido
(2019-12-16) Aquino, Eduardo Fonsêca de; Teixeira, Carlos Alberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8235740394746329; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7478355003653071
The Northeast region of Brazil has very distinct edaphoclimatic characteristics when compared to other regions of the country, because it has dry climate and the soil is characterized by being shallow and sometimes with large amount of salts. Because of these characteristics, water from precipitation when infiltrates the soil carries the salts present in the superficial layers, increasing the concentration of salts in water that percolates to levels harmful to human and animal health. The wells in the region have saline water because of those characteristics, it is therefore necessary to adopt practices that can improve water quality, removing impurities, microorganisms, and salts present in the water. The solar desalination is a simple and easily replicated technology and studies have shown that it improves the quality of saline waters with impurities and / or microorganisms. This technology when used in conjunction with the solar concentrator, makes a gain in desalination system yield, because of the concentrator reflect solar radiation and concentrates the sun's rays on the desalination base, thus increasing the production of desalinated water. The Hybrid solar concentrator is also an easily replicable technology and can be built even with recyclable materials like mirrors and satellite dish, thus being an accessible and simple technology. In this work was developed and construction a 1.7 m² solar desalination area and a 1.7 m diameter solar concentrator and were installed in the rural area in the Poldrinhos settlement in the municipality of Serra Talhada / Pernambuco. Used mirrosand satellite dish and among other materials, resulting in an expense of R$ 1149.24. The use of hybrid solar desalination will increase the production of desalinated water compared to the flat solar desalination.
Relatório do Estágio Supervisionado Obrigatório (ESO 08525): impacto da água hiperconcentrada na saúde de bovinos
(2019-01-21) Almeida, Bruna Karla Rodrigues; Melo, Lúcio Esmeraldo Honório de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8188529271731817
The water shortage in Pernambuco’s semi-arid leaded the government of the state to develop projects to solve the problem. The main measure was the installation of desalinators to provide drinking water for human consumption and other living beings, but it became a practice of the producers to use the waste water of this system, hyperconcentrated,to kill the thirst of their animals. Health is evaluated the health problems of bovines, who consume water with sodium content (hyperconcentrated or rejection), through the results of the hemogram, biochemistry and plasma osmolarity.Clinical and laboratorial evidence presented by the dairy cattle examined, in connection with the results obtained in the analysis of hyperconcentrated water in magnesium, sodium, potassium and chlorides, showed that there was deterioration of the health of these animals by the continuous use of residual water resulting from desalination, with probable economic loss in production, therefore studies on clinical-epidemiological, biochemical and hematological evaluations in these animals should be expanded and deepened