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Item Acompanhamento das atividades de produção do camarão marinho na fazenda Camar Aquamaris, João Pessoa - PB(2018) Barbosa, Maria Mirele Nogueira; Campello, Juliana Maria Aderaldo Vidal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4644906989773828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2182975590517214Item Acompanhamento do manejo no cultivo do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) na Fazenda Aquarium Aquicultura do Brasil Ltda(2018) Melo, José Marcelo da Costa; Dantas, Danielli Matias de Macêdo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3422902414863662; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7465921832458765his report describes the activities followed during the compulsory supervised internship at Aquarium Aquiculture do Brasil Ltda, located in the town of Várzea da Ema SN, rural area of the municipality of Mossoró-RN (5 ° 06'24.1 "S 37 ° 17 ' 41.8 "W) forthe period from 04/05/2018 to 07/11/2018. The farm has 300 hectares of water and has been in the market for 18 years. In addition to excavated nurseries, where a lease system occurs in some parts of the area, the farm has four greenhouses with superintensive system for the cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei marine shrimp. The Compulsory Supervised Internship was developed in an area of 66.24 hectares, consisting of 11 nurseries and a greenhouse, where seven nurseries have 6 ha, three nurseries of 1.5 ha, a nursery of 2 ha and the greenhouse has an area of 1,275 , 78 m². Two of these nurseries (1.5 ha) are included in the lease system, where the polyculture of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and sea shrimp (L. vannamei) occurs. With this purpose, it was intended to follow all Fazenda activities (preparation of nurseries, supply, liming, fertilization, acclimatization and settlement, evaluation of shrimp health and carapace rigidity, as well as the activity of expense), which were carried out from Monday to Friday, except when there is an obligation to carry out exceptional activities, such as PL's settlement and expenses. After the end of the internship, the importance of the practical activities for the professional training of the course graduates was well known, serving as a foundation to strengthen the learning process, contributing as a differential to the gain of experience, before entering the job market.Item Aspectos gerais sobre a alimentação dos camarões da família Penaeidae (Penaeus spp.), no canal de Santa Cruz, Itamaracá - PE(1987) Vasconcelos Filho, Antônio de Lemos; Galiza-Viana, Elza Maria Braga; Rosa, Suzane Maria Teixeira daForam realizados estudos sobre a alimentação natural dos camarões marinhos da família Penaeidae (Penaeus spp.),provenientes do Canal de Santa Cruz, Itacamaracá-PE. Dessa forma, observou- se o grau de repleção, digestão, bem como, a determinação quanto-qualitativa dos itensalimentares encontrados nos estômagos analisados, sendo que, dos exemplares examinados, 69,8% eram fêmeas e 30,2% eram machos. Constatou-se que, entre os estádios de repleção, a maioria dos estômagos encontrava-se com alimentos, e quanto ao grau de digestão, os alimentos estavam sempre semi-digeridos, em ambosos sexos. Com relação aos itens alimentares, ficou claro, que os camarões alimentam-se, preferencialmente, das microalgas, notadamente as diatomaceas, sobressaindo-se, Coscinodiscus centralis, Navicula spp., Nikschia spp., e de fragmentos de vegetais superiores (restos de gramíneas e mangues). Secundariamente, verificou-se nos estômagos, a presença de crustáceos, poliquetas e rotíferos. estando em sua maioria. semi-digeridos. Além desses organismos, se fizeram notar no bolo alimentar diversos sedimentos (grãos de areia), determinando um hábito alimentar de natureza bentônica e omnlvoro. Pelos resultados obtidos, verificou-se a grande importância que as microalgas desempenham na alimentação dos camarões ssp., uma vez que, a maioria dos organismos do conteúdo estomacal é constituída de diatomáceas bênticas e epífitas.Item Aspectos reprodutivos do camarão Macrobrachium amazonicum(HELLER, 1862) em reservatório da mesorregião do sertão pernambucano(2018) Silva, Allysson Winick da; Mendes, Renata Akemi Shinozaki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2026358226342858; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7136721430965280Knowledge of the morphometricand reproductive aspects of Macrobrachiumamazonicum(HELLER, 1862) is a basic toolfor the elaboration of adequate management, conservation and exploitation strategies. The objective of the present study was to study the morphometricand reproductive aspects of M. amazonicumin the Cachoeira II reservoir, located in Serra Talhada, a mesoregion of the Pernambuco sertão. The prawns werecollected monthly between June 2016 and May 2017. From the morphometric measurements the relative growth was analyzed and classified as allometry. A macro and microscopic analysis atovaries was performed to classify the maturational stages and estimated the size of the first maturation. A total of 432 specimens (86 males and 346 females) were sampled. The sex ratio was statically different from 1: 1 in all months, in favor of females. The reproductive period of the studied population was continuous, with annual reproductive peaks between September and November beyond February, corresponding to the period of rainfall. Thefecundity ranged from 128 to 2724 eggs, being related to the size of the females. The largest specimen captured was male, measuring 87.13 mm, against 80.63 mm of the opposite sex.Six stages of development were found: immature, developing, developed, spawned in development, spawned and rested. Based on these analyzes the size of the first maturation of the females was identified in 9.46 mm of cephalothorax length and,soon,suggested as the minimum size of capture.Item Avaliação da digestibilidade de farinha de cefalotórax de camarão (Penaeus vannamei) em dietas para tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus)(2023-09-22) Campelo, Kesya Leal; Santos, Juliana Ferreira dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6621907859216486; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2587814165212462In order to promote knowledge about alternative ingredients for aquatic animal feed formulations, the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein, dry matter and crude energy of two ingredients in tilapia feed were determined. Seventy-two juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with an average weight of 61.85±10.06 g were used in a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments, three replications and eight fish per box, alternating between the box and the hatchery. Three treatments were used: Reference feed, based on the nutritional needs of the species; Test feed consisting of the reference feed with the addition of shrimp cephalothorax meal (P. vannamei) whole with reference feed; Test feed consisting of the reference feed with the addition of shrimp cephalothorax meal (P. vannamei) with low fat content. The ADC was determined by the indirect method using 1% celite as an inert indicator. The CDA for crude protein was 94.14% and 94.22% and digestible values for crude protein were 51.96% and 56.90%; for dry matter, 92% and 91.8%; for energy, 92%; and digestible values of 80 and 89% were found. Shrimp cephalothorax waste was considered a potential substitute for protein in feed for the species.Item Avaliação físico-química e microbiológica do camarão cinza (Litopenaeus vannamei) submetido à defumação líquida em diferentes temperaturas e tempos de processamento(2021-12-10) Silva, Chirley Matilde da; Oliveira Filho, Paulo Roberto Campagnoli de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8043850276929205; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7594584352507927The gray shrimp (Litopeaneus vannamei) is one of the most cultivated fish species in the world due to its good performance in captivity, great market acceptance and its meat rich in protein. However, it presents a reduced shelf life due to the high water activity and a pH close to neutrality. One way to preserve shrimp and increase its shelf life is the use of liquid smoking, which is cleaner and healthier than traditional smoking. The objective of the study was to evaluate physicochemical and microbiological aspects of shrimp subjected to the liquid smoking process by testing different times and temperature. Before smoking, liquid smoke (20% dilution) was sprayed on the cleaned and salted shrimp. The shrimp were smoked in an oven with the following treatments: A - 80°C/5h, B - 85°C/4h, C - 90°C/3h. Analyses of yield, shrinkage percentage, color, texture, water holding capacity (WCR), water activity, moisture percentage and microbiological analyses were performed. The liquid smoking of shrimp at 80°C for 5 hours (Treatment A) caused lower yield, higher percentage of shrinkage, higher water holding capacity, higher hardness and lower percentage of moisture and water activity. In the shrimp submitted to smoking at 90°C for 3 hours (Treatment C) there was a higher yield, lower percentage of shrinkage, lower water holding capacity, lower hardness and higher percentage of moisture and water activity. The color of the shrimp showed no difference (P<0.05) among the proposed treatments. In the microbiological analysis, the results were within the standard required by Brazilian legislation. This shows that the variation of two hours of smoking time (3 to 5 hours) causes more influence, except for color, on the physicochemical aspects than the variation of 10°C (80 to 90°C) in the temperature of the process. It is concluded that the liquid smoking of shrimp at a combination of 90°C for 3 hours is more suitable because it causes a higher yield, a lower percentage of shrinkage and a softer (lower hardness) and juicier product (higher percentage of moisture), having a great potential for production and commercialization.Item Berçário de camarão Litopenaeus vannamei(BONNE, 1931) cultivado em água oligohalina com tecnologia de biofloco sob diferentes densidades de estocagem(2018) Silva, Weverson Ailton da; Silva, Ugo Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1858876631961029; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8320689687057292The present work evaluated the culture of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannameiin the nursery stage submitted to different storage densities in a biofloco system. The cultivation of post-larvae of L. vannameimarine shrimp in biofloc technology was carried out at the Laboratory of Experimentation of Aquatic Organisms of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), during the 28-day period. A completely randomized design with three treatments was adopted: D2: 2 shrimps. L-1, D4: 4 shrimps. L-1and D6: 6 shrimps. L-1, with four replicates. Twelve tanks with a useful volume of 15 L of water were used. As post-larvae with initial weight 0.005 ± 0.001 g were fed commercial feed containing 40% crude protein, with a frequency of 3 times a day and feed rate of 10% of the biomass. Fertilizations were done with the daily use of the maintenance schedule of 15: 1 (C: N). During the cultivation were monitored as having success and were identified the types of light and temperature (ºC), dissolved oxygen (mg L-1), conductivity (μS Cm-1), salinity (g L-1), pH, total dissolved solids, total ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NAT), nitrite (N-NO2), nitrate (N-NO3), inorganic phosphate (P-PO4), sedimentable solids (SS) and alkalinity. The performance of the post-larvae was obtained through the comparison of final weight (mg), survival (%), food replacement factor (FCA), condition index, TCE (% -1) and weekly growth (mg). Differences were found not to be a factorof feed conversion and of post-larvae production. Despite the final weight values, survival and weekly evolution differed significantly between treatments (P> 0.05). The results of the results, with respect to one crop were reached when cultivated in the post-larvae of 4 post-larvae L-1, as it was in many treatments (P <0.05). Biofloc technology is a good alternative for the shrimp nursery, bringing high productivity and greater sustainability, especially in semi-arid regions with little availability of water. The adoption of storage densities from 2000 to 6,000 PL. m-3of L. vannameidid not significantly influence the physical chemical variables of water quality.Item Biologia reprodutiva de Neocallichirus maryae Karasawa, 2004 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Callichiridae) na praia de Mangue Seco, Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brasil(2020-01-27) Matoso, Marcos Antonio Lima; Carvalho, Mônica Lúcia Botter; Costa, Larissa Bacelar da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6227388035808608; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762304533046987; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4408208899837080The present work aims to study the reproductive biology of the ghost shrimp Neocallichirus maryae Karasawa, 2004, on the Mangue Seco beach, north coast of Pernambuco. Thus, intending to contribute with unprecedented information to fill this gap. Collections were carried out, monthly, at Mangue Seco beach during low tide, between September 2018 and October 2019. The females were collected using a manual suction pump and sieves. In the laboratory, the abundance of ovigerous females (OF) in relation to non-ovigerous females, the length of the cephalothorax (CF), size of sexual maturation, reproductive period, embryonic development stage, fecundity, egg volume and reproductive effort (RE) were analyzed. A total of 358 females were collected, 48 OF and 301 non-ovigerous females. The CF of non-ovigerous females ranged from 5.98 mm to 17.97 mm with an average of 13 mm (± 1.976), however for OF the measures ranged from 9.37 mm to 16.48 mm with 13.34 (± 1.970); defining the size of the sexual maturity as the FC measurements between 9mm and 9.5mm. The occurrence of reproductive period was observed during the dry season (between December / 2018 to March / 2019), which is expected as a standard for decapods. The 3 stages of embryonic development were found during the reproductive period. Fertility ranged from 1057 to 3784, with an average of 2001.4 ± 815.04. The number of eggs increased significantly following the size of the females. The average egg volume was 0.157 mm³ (± 0.021) for stage I, 0.091mm³ (± 0.038) for stage II and 0.065 mm³ (± 0.026) for stage III. The average ER was 0.0601 ± 0.241. With dry weight of the egg mass representing only 0.78% of the dry weight of the females. The aspects about reproductive biology studied for the population of N. maryae follow similar patterns to the other studies done for the group of ghost shrimp worldwide. Finally, this study brings new information about Neocallichirus maryae, filling in some gaps and enabling future research on the species.Item Caracterização acústica do comportamento alimentar do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei na fase berçário(2023-09-20) Costa Filho, Fábio Ulisses Ramos; Peixoto, Sílvio Ricardo Maurano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5714254437228167; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7725981957042095Item Contribuição ao estudo dos camarões do gênero Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 no Brasil (Crustácea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae)(1998) Viana, Girlene Fábia Segundo; Porto, Marilena RamosForam estudadas 140 amostras de camarões do gênero Macrobrachium coletadas em vários rios, lagoas e açudes, através de expedições científicas e coletas esporádicas. As espécies são estudadas de acordo com a taxonomia, ecologia e biogeografia.Item Cultivo de camarão marinho (Litopenaeus vannamei) em baixa salinidade na Fazenda Aquicultura Tapacurá, São Lourenço da Mata - PE(2023-09-20) Ferreira, Danilo de Souza; Silva, Luis Otávio Brito da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3365265235618078; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5295574324521332Item Cultivo do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei em sistema intensivo e semi-intensivo na Fazenda Aquarium Aquicultura do Brasil Ltda(2018) Melo, José Marcelo da Costa; Dantas, Danielli Matias de Macêdo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3422902414863662; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7465921832458765Brazilian shrimp farming has been gaining space and economically standing out as one of the pillars of agribusiness that most generate jobs. However, this sector has already faced several bouts of disease outbreaks, and was able to rebound, thanks to technological advances. The objective of this study was to follow the routine activities of Aquarium Aquiculture do Brasil Ltda, located in the rural area of Mossoró-RN (5 ° 06'24.1 "S 37 ° 17'41.8" W), in the period from 04 / 05/2018 to 11/07/2018, as well as corroborate with the professional training of the student. Among the activities developed in the compulsory supervised stage are: nursery preparation and drying; chlorination and liming of sluices and pools of water and soil;nursery fertilization; acclimatization and settlement of PLs; application of probiotics; application of molasses as carbon source; feeding; verification of feed consumptionand possible adjustments to the following breeding stock; weekly biometrics to accompany the average weekly growth of shrimp; verification of the physical-chemical parameters of the tanks, aiming at the well-being and development of the individuals; assessment of shrimp health, such as carapace rigidity and expense.All these activities have their importance in the productive process (fattening) and, combining the theoretical knowledge with the execution in the practice can promote the reduction of possible losses (by mortality) and increase of the productivity, seeking to optimize it. Following the technical guidelines for a good result in the production of marine prawns makes a great difference, both in the biosafety aspect and in the improvement of the zootechnical results of the prawns. In addition, the adoption of strategies to prevent diseases in animals is a very complex challenge, however, producers are joining forces with researchers to try to reverse the current situation of Brazilian shrimp farming. Therefore, the discussion formed throughout this work with scientific basis, brought to the fore the importance of carrying out the activities developed, both in the practical question, and their argument for understanding the importance in actions aimed at continuous improvement in order to contribute to the scenario of Brazilian shrimp farming.Item Densidade e estrutura populacional do camarão-fantasma Callichirus corruptus (Hernáez, Miranda, Rio & Pinheiro, 2022) (Crustacea, Axiidea, Callichiridae) na praia da Conceição, Paulista - PE após um derramamento de petróleo(2022-10-14) Silva, Wyllyane Gonçalves da; Carvalho, Mônica Lúcia Botter; Matoso, Marcos Antonio Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4408208899837080; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762304533046987; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2812513561673893During 2019, oil slicks were observed on beaches on the coast of the Northeast region of Brazil and reached about a thousand kilometers off the Brazilian coast. The stains contaminated beaches, estuaries, reefs and mangroves and reached several organisms. This substance is capable of causing high mortality, decreased density and changes in the structure of marine communities. The crustaceans of the infraorder Axiidea, known as ghost shrimp, are burrowing marine organisms, considered important ecosystem engineers and widely used as bait for fishing. The study aimed to analyze the density and population structure of Callichirus corruptus on an oil-impacted beach in Pernambuco, in addition to comparing it with previous studies carried out in the area. Collections were carried out in the months of October/2020, December/2020, May/2021, February/2022, June/2022 and August/2022. The population density of C. corruptus on Conceição beach ranged from 0 to 28 ind/m², with an average density of 6.41 ind/m². Altogether 111 individuals were collected, 28 males and 83 females and 29 of them were ovigerous. The sex ratio was significantly biased towards females. Most individuals had an DO length of 10 to 13 mm, with significant differences between the sexes. For CP and LP There were no significant differences between males and females. The average fecundity was 3844.11 eggs. The present study brought new information from the population of Conceição beach and found that the 2019 oil spill may have caused a decrease in the number of individuals in the population. In view of this, we emphasize the importance of this and other studies related to environmental impacts to which burrowing shrimp are susceptible, as well as encouraging the continuity of research with ghost shrimp.Item Determinação da taxa de sobrevivência de juvenis de Macrobrachium rosenbergii, experimentalmente infectados com Vibrio parahaemolyticus(2023-08-15) Michereff, Gabriel Sobral; Silva, Suzianny Maria Bezerra Cabral da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8569566022920336; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8665831491740543Item Dinâmica populacional do camarão escavador Neocallichirus maryae Karasawa, 2004 na Praia de Mangue Seco, Igarassu - PE(2022-10-14) Albuquerque, Maria Eduarda Kusuky de; Carvalho, Mônica Lúcia Botter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762304533046987; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5973917912934823The aim of this study is provide the first informations about the population structure and relative growth of the species, on a beach of north coast of Pernambuco. The samples were made with help of a “yabby pump”, between September 2018 and October 2019. The specimens were mensured about the Cephalotorax Lenght (CF), Total Length (CT), Major Propodus Cheliped Lenght (CP), Major Propodus Width (LP), Major Propodus Height (AP), Major Carpus Cheliped Lenght (CC) and Major Carpus Cheliped Height (AC). A total of 559 individuals were collected, 219 males and 358 females, where 46 were ovigerous. The sexual maturity was reached at A maturidade sexual 9mm of CF for both sexes. Only for the general population and between adults the sex ratio was significantly female-biased (p<0,0001). The smallest ovigerous female presented A 9,37 mm of CF and the biggest presented 16,48 mm of CF. The major and minor collected animal were females. The most part of ovigerous females (36 specimens) carried uneyed embryos. For both sexes, the analyses of relative growth showed positive allometry for the relationships CFxCP, CFxLP, CFxAP and CFxAC. For the relationship CFxCC, females presented negative allometry and males presented positive allometry. Both sexes presented isometry for the relationship CFxCT. The female-biased sex ratio may have been due to the fact that they are positioned in more superficial layers of sediment for oxigenation of the egg mass, corroborating with the peak of ovigerous females collected. We emphasize the uniqueness of the findings, highlighting the relevance of results to fill the large gap of knowledge about the species.Item Efeito da adição de nucleotídeoss sobre o desempenho zootécnico no cultivo em sistema intensivo de Litopenaeus vannamei na fase de engorda(2023-01-24) Silva, Eugênio Breno Lucena Amâncio Carmo da; Silva, Luis Otávio Brito da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3365265235618078; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6685497540018041Item Efeito da frequência de adição do zooplâncton Brachionus plicatilis sobre o desempenho zootécnico de pós-larvas da espécie Litopenaeus vannamei cultivado em sistema de bioflocos(2023-03-15) Malandra, Adely Leticia Alves; Silva, Luis Otávio Brito da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3365265235618078; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5263002170389598Item Efeitos do ajuste iônico em água de baixa salinidade sobre o desempenho zootécnico do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei cultivado em sistema intensivo(2023-03-24) Oliveira, Caio Vinícius Nunes de; Silva, Luis Otávio Brito da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3365265235618078; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6521603417943771Item Experiência vivenciada em uma fazenda de produção de camarão litopenaeus vannamei (BOONE, 1931) na empresa Camar Aquamaris, João Pessoa, PB(2019) Santos, Ivanilson de Lima; Silva, Ugo Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1858876631961029; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1174538900783101This study aimed at describing the experience acquired in a Pacific white shrimp farming, belonging to Camar Aquamaris company of Camar Camarão Maricultura group, located in João Pessoa city in the state of Paraíba, from October 7th to November 29th, in 2019. It was possible to follow every sectors of the farm, as well as all the steps related to the production of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in the different stages of development, including the acquisition of post larvae, the preparation and management of nursery tanks, feed management, water quality monitoring and transfer of post-larvae to the ponds of growth. At the grow-out stage, it was possible to follow the preparation of the ponds, the stockage of post larvae, feed management, biometrics, harvesting and the marketing of the shrimps. The experience acquired during the period in the company provided the expansion of knowledge about the practices used in shrimp farming, especially in the nursery and grow-out phases of the shrimp, providing a more technical view about every phases of the shrimp production. In addition, the experience made a better personal and professional development possible.Item Metais pesados interferem na atividade de enzimas do tipo lacases do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei?(2021-03-05) Bezerra, Amanda Letícia Florentino Mandú; Buarque, Diego de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7609652740088882; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6110225182789262The contamination of aquatic environments with potentially toxic chemical elements and organic compounds (pesticides, hydrocarbons, dyes, etc.) has been notorious due to the industrial activity. In such a context, there has been an increase regarding the use of shrimp farming residues as sources of molecules with applications in bioremediation, such as laccase enzymes, which present a degradation activity of various contaminants such as aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, pesticides, dyes, among others. However, such contaminants are discarded in water along with potentially toxic chemical elements and these can interfere in the enzymatic activity of enzyme bioremediation in such a variety of contaminants. Then, it is important to understand whether the enzymes will remain active even with the presence of potentially toxic chemical elements. Consequently, this work aims to evaluate the effect of potentially toxic chemical elements on laccase enzymes from the crude extracts from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei hepatopancreas. The effect of metals was also evidenced in metalloproteinases in the same extract to understand whether the presence of these enzymes interfere on the interaction of metals with laccases. To determine the effect of the potentially toxic metals (nickel, mercury, copper, cadmium and zinc in concentrations between 0.001 and 10 mM), they were incubated (separately) with the extracts. Subsequently, the percentage of the residual activity of laccases and metalloproteinases was verified compared with a control without potentially toxic metals (100%). None of the potentially toxic metals between 0.001 and 1 mM (concentration above the allowable values) were able to inhibit the tested enzymes. Furthermore, 10 mM of nickel chloride also were not able to inhibit the activity of laccases and metalloproteinases. On the other hand, the 10 mM chlorides of mercury, copper and cadmium were able to significantly increase laccase’s activity, while chlorides of mercury and copper inhibited metalloproteinases. In its turn, the 10 mM zinc sulfate inhibited both laccases and metalloproteinases. Therefore, it is concluded that the majority of the tested potentially toxic metals were able to interfere in the laccase enzymes activity in the extract of hepatopancreas from L. vannamei.
