Navegando por Assunto "Biomassa"

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Avaliação do crescimento e rendimento em biomassa das diatomáceas Amphora sp., Chaetoceros calcitrans e Thalassiosira fluviatilis
(2020-10-29) Lima, Jasiel José de; Olivera Gálvez, Alfredo; Moraes, Laenne Barbara Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1483699193923171; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7002327312102794; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0975356390769917
Microalgae are autotrophic microscopic organisms that form a heterogeneous group, predominant in aquatic environments, responsible for most of the oxygen and primary production of the Earth. They are classified into four main groups: Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae (diatoms). These microorganisms produce various organic compounds and are commonly used in several branches of industry and aquaculture. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield in dry biomass of the diatoms: Amphora sp., Chaetoceros calcitrans and Thalassiosira fluviatilis. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replications for each species, totalling nine experimental units. For growth evaluation, daily counts were performed in a Neubauer chamber and optical microscope, obtaining the variables: growth rate (K), doubling time (DT) and maximum cell density (MCD). Likewise, growth curves were drawn up adjusted by approximating the logistic curve. At the end of the cultivation, the dry biomass yield was obtained, after the centrifugation steps, to remove the supernatant and lyophilization, to dry the biomass. As a result, higher DCM and K were obtained for C. calcitrans (1,225 x 104 cells mL-1 and 1.58 div day-1) and higher dry biomass yields for T. fluviatilis (0.61 g L-1) and Amphora sp. (0.46 g L-1). The three species showed different parameters of growth and yield in biomass, being T. fluviatilis and Amphora sp. favorable for yield in dry biomass and C. calcitrans to reach higher cell densities.
Caracterização da biomassa do dinoflagelado Symbiodinium glynnii cultivado em águas residuais da aquicultura
(2023-12-13) Santana, Julia Catarine Nicodemos de; Gálvez, Alfredo Olivera; Oliveira, Carlos Yure Barbosa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3825860944561089; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1610433978473206; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4933046249317421
As águas residuais da aquicultura são ricas em elementos químicos essenciais para o bom crescimento das microalgas, por exemplo: nitrogênio, fósforo e carbono. A utilização das microalgas no tratamento de efluentes é considerado um meio econômico e sustentável para conseguir remover os nutrientes dissolvidos nos efluentes e, portanto, produzir uma biomassa com biomoléculas para compensar os custos de tratamento da água. Os dinoflagelados são organismos unicelulares e que estão presentes em todas as latitudes e abundantes em águas marinhas tropicais e subtropicais. Diante disso, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a composição bioquímica do dinoflagelado marinho Symbiodinium glynnii cultivado em águas residuais da aquicultura. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Produção de Alimento Vivo- LAPAVI, localizado na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) onde foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento e produção de biomassa do dinoflagelado. Após o cultivo, a biomassa dos diferentes tratamentos foi centrifugada (a 3.000 ×g por 6 min) e seca em um liofilizador em alto vácuo (150×10-3 mbar) e baixas temperaturas -50±2ºC por 48 horas. Alíquotas de aproximadamente 200 mg da biomassa seca de cada tratamento foram submetidas a digestão, destilação e titulação por meio do método Kjeldahl, para determinação do nitrogênio total. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: controle (100% meio de cultura f/2 Guillard), R25% (25% água residual e 75% meio de cultura), R50% (50% água residual e 50% meio de cultura), R75% ( 75% água residual e 25% meio de cultura) e R100% ( 100% água residual). Foram considerados os tratamentos de 50, 75 e 100% pois tiveram melhores resultados de crescimento e além disso, possuíam biomassa suficiente para realização das análises. Para proteína total houve maior produtividade no tratamento 100%, e menor produtividade no tratamento 50%. Os lipídios brutos, apresentou maior produtividade no tratamento 100% e menor lipídios brutos no tratamento 50%, e com relação à produtividade de biomassa e crescimento, houve maior produtividade no tratamento 100% e nos tratamentos 50% e 75% tiveram a mesma produtividade. Pode-se concluir que o uso de 75% de efluente de aquicultura não prejudica o crescimento da microalga e não confere grandes alterações na composição bioquímica da biomassa.
Caracterização energética da maravalha gerada no processamento mecânico da madeira em marcenarias de pequeno porte
(2023-09-21) Campelo, Irlan Paulo Ferreira; Braz, Rafael Leite; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7332493832361305; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1038816224446032
In Brazil, electricity consumption has grown increasingly, the search for other energy sources must be discussed and worked on, especially in some regions of the country. Brazil's energy crisis is marked by political, economic and environmental factors, which are directly related to the country's difficulty in maintaining its energy supply. Given this context, several sectors have sought new energy alternatives in order to meet the required demand, investing increasingly in sustainable alternatives. Thus, the objective of the work was to evaluate the energy potential of wood shavings generated in the mechanical processing of wood in small carpentry workshops through its energetic properties. The material used was maçaranduba and sucupira wood shavings, collected in two carpentry workshops in the municipality of Camaragibe - PE. The analyzes carried out were: moisture content, bulk density, content of volatile materials, ash, fixed carbon, higher, lower and useful calorific value, extractive content, lignin and holocellulose content. The results of the chemical and calorimetric analyzes of the wood shavings, although they indicate that Treatment T1 had a slight advantage over Treatment T2, these differences are minimal and can be attributed to natural variations in the properties of the wood shavings. Therefore, the wood shavings materials analyzed have promising energetic properties. Its high energy density, low moisture content and favorable chemical composition indicate that wood shavings can be an excellent option as an energy source. This discovery suggests that wood shavings can serve as an efficient and sustainable alternative in replacing non-renewable energy matrices, thus contributing to the diversification and improvement of the energy supply, meaning that waste/disposal can be reused and used directly for generating energy or obtaining briquettes, pellets.
Comparação de modelos estocásticos nas estimativas volumétricas e de biomassa em Eucalyptus spp. da Chapada do Araripe - PE
(2022-05-31) Silva, Aline Amorim da; Silva, José Antônio Aleixo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5674098794412714; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7046975217725378
The objective of this work was to compare and evaluate stochastic models in volumetric and biomass estimates in Eucalyptus spp. with 5.5 years of age and in its second rotation, in Chapada do Araripe - PE. The study was carried out from data on volume and the total biomass of the tree compartments (stem, bark, branch and leaf), collected in experimental plantations of Eucalyptus spp. at the Experimental Station of the Pernambuco Agronomic Institute – IPA – in Araripina-PE, where 150 individuals were randomly sampled for cubage and modeling. Adjustments were made to nine volumetric models, using the SYSTAT (12.0) software. The Stepwise (backward method) was applied to the models and the following criteria were established to select the best equation: significance of the regression coefficients (bi), standard error of the estimate (Sxy), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Corrected Fit Index (AIc), graphical analysis of residuals and the weighted value of the statistical scores (VP). Based on the results obtained, it was observed significancy at the level of 1% of probability, for all the coefficients of the equations. However, it was observed that, when using the regression analysis by Stepwise (backward method), some volumetric and biomass models underwent important modifications within their format, resulting in the suppression of independent variables and equality among some equations. After applying the analysis techniques, it was observed that all the proposed models showed a good precision between the volumetric and total biomass estimates, as a function of the DBH and height of the tree individuals. For the volumetric models the Naslund, Naslund (Modified), Schumacher and Hall, Meyer, Meyer (Modified), Prodan and Stoate showed the best fit and precision among the evaluated models, while for the total biomass, the Prodan, Schumacher e Hall, Naslund (Modified), Meyer, Stoate, Spurr (Combined Variable), Naslund e Meyer (Modified) models showed the best fit, being, therefore, the most viable models for future forest inventories in Eucalyptus spp. in Chapada do Araripe.
Cultivo fototrófico, mixotrófico e heterotrófico de microalgas em esgoto doméstico visando a produção de biodiesel
(2019-12-12) Marques, Isabela de Lima; Santos, Maria de Lourdes Florencio do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9481193101590250; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7348426905838269
Improvement of technologies in the cultivation of microalgae using domestic wastewater implies the reduction of the costs involved in the decontamination of the polluted waters by these effluents, as well as generating inputs for obtaining clean energy sources. The biodiesel production from microalgae has the main advantages: (i) not competing for arable land, (ii) not needing pesticides and excessive water consumption, and (iii) presenting high growth rates and high lipid biomass intracellular. Thus, the present research promoted the cultivation of microalgae D. subspicatus in domestic wastewater under different energy metabolism, in order to optimize growth rates, concentrations of cells in culture, and therefore, identify the crop conditions that promotes better intracellular lipid production, making biofuel production from microalgae, more economically and environmentally sustainable.
Descoloração do corante têxtil marinho Direct 2R utilizando o fungo Aspergillus tamarii kita UCP 1279
(2021-12-03) Cruz, Nayara Vitória dos Santos; Bezerra, Raquel Pedrosa; Silva, Raphael Luiz Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4770766127962026; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1466206759539320; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9306095300572849
Synthetic dyes are widely used in textile industries, being characterized as easy- to-use substances, with great variety and profitability. Despite their attractiveness, dyes are also considered complex compounds, being characterized by their toxicity, hazardousness and difficult degradation. Treating wastewater before release into water bodies is essential for the environment. The biological method can be used with algae, bacteria, and fungi, the latter organisms being considered as one of the best models for treating effluents. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the use of the fungus Aspergillus tamarii kita UCP 1279, isolated from the Caatinga Biome, to discolor a solution containing a textile dye from a laundry located in the interior of the state of Pernambuco. The discoloration of the Marine Direct 2R dye was evaluated at a concentration of 50 mg/L, these experiments were carried out using the microorganism A. tamarii kita under living and dead conditions, in different amounts of biomass (2, 4, and 6 grams). In addition, biomass reuse was evaluated, so that, after the first decolorization test of 120 minutes, two further decolorization sequences with 120 minutes each were conducted for all conditions. The best condition obtained with 2 grams of biomass was found in the dead condition, which, in just 15 minutes, discolored 97% of the color while, with 4 and 6 grams of biomass, the best performance was verified in the living condition, in which, at 15 minutes it reached 100% removals for both 4 and 6 grams of biomass. In the tests with the reuse of biomass, both conditions (live/dead) demonstrated efficiency in discoloring the dye in different quantities of biomass, at the end of the tests, thus showing the potential of the microorganism A. tamarii kita in carrying out the dye decolorization textile. Therefore, due to the effectiveness of the microorganism, the development of future research investigating the optimization of the process deserves to be studied, to provide an understanding of the best conditions for using A. tamarii kita, so that its use can be made viable on an industrial scale, as a new biological method to treat effluents containing textile dyes.
Elaboração de bolos tipo muffins sem glúten com substituição parcial da gordura por biomassa de banana verde
(2018-08-21) Silva, Vitória Bezerra da; Ribeiro, Daniele Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1517959077516490; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0755617440768723
Gluten is a component present in various foods and can also cause adverse reactions to human health. Gluten intolerance is called Celiac Disease (CD), which is an autoimmune enteropathy resulting from a multifactorial combination of environmental and genetic factors. It can be immuno-innate or immuno-acquired causing an inflammation in the small intestinal mucosa, making it impossible to absorb nutrients through body. The difficulty of complying with the gluten-free diet lies in the availability and availability of gluten-free products, which may contain traces of contamination from gluten sources and are still costly. In order to serve this public, the objective of this work was to prepare muffins, based on manioc pulp mass, with partial substitution of fat by green banana biomass, to obtain a product without gluten and with a lower lipid content than or conventional. Two formulations of muffins, wheat (wheat muffin - MT), and the test formulation, based on manioc pulp mass and with reduced fat content (cassava muffin - MM) were produced. Samples MT, MM and biomass of green banana were physicochemically characterized as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibers, ash, water content and acidity, and physically as water activity (Aw). The samples of cakes were submitted to microbiological analysis, mass loss, sensorial (acceptance and purchase intention) and shelf life evaluation (Color, pH, Aw, Water Content and Predictive Microbiology). The biomass was classified as a product with high content of fibers, of sugars and high energetic value, counterposing its low protein and greasy content. The muffins presented a significant difference between the majority of physicochemical parameters, mainly due to the replacement of margarine with green banana biomass. The MM sample presented 11.11% of fibers against 1.83% of the MT sample, still containing 1.44% less fat than the sample. Both samples had a high loss of mass after cooking, and the wheat sample had a greater loss than that of cassava, 25.5 and 16.5%, respectively. Microbiological analyzes found no contamination by the microorganisms considered to be the most frequent in this type of product, guaranteeing the safety of the consumer. Sensorially, the formulations had an acceptance rate greater than 70% with most of the audience assigning grades between 6 and 7, corresponding to "I enjoyed regularly" and "moderately liked", respectively, with intent to buy between "probably would buy" and "certainly would buy". According to the shelf-life evaluation, the samples remained stable until the 14th day, regarding the analyzed parameters, without addition of any preservatives. Therefore, muffins based on manioc pulp mass were well accepted by the evaluators and showed advantage over the wheat-based formulation due to their contribution of fibers. So they are a good option for both celiacs and those looking for products with lower fat content.
Estimativa de biomassa em povoamento clonal de Eucalyptus sob o manejo de talhadia aos 36 meses de idade
(2023-04-24) Silva, Jonatas Carlos da; Berger, Rute; Hakamada, Rodrigo Eiji; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4186459700983170; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5395827385005105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0314188517416061
Studies on the quantification of individual stem biomass are fundamental to determining the productivity of planted forests, facilitating forest management and planning activities, especially in coppice systems, which can reduce costs by up to 60% compared to high forest management. The aim of this study is to establish the best statistical models for estimating aboveground and wood biomass production, as well as questioning the use of general equations and previous rotation for Eucalyptus clones. The research was carried out in Mogi Guaçu-SP. Biomass was collected from the destructive analysis of clones, with 0.3 kg of leaves collected from each third of the canopy and branches, and discs removed at DBH (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% with a diameter of 5 cm) of the stem, based on the total height of the tree. In the field, all aboveground compartments were weighed separately to obtain the total wet weight, while in the laboratory, each compartment was dried in a forced ventilation oven at 65°C to obtain the dry weight. Through regression analysis, adjusted equations were obtained, using total biomass and wood biomass (Bi) as the dependent variable and DBH and total height (H) of the trees as the independent variables. The Schumacher-Hall model showed the best fit for all clones, with the highest adjusted R² and the smallest standard errors of estimate. Based on this model, a general equation for wood biomass of clones on the site was adjusted, however, individual equations for each clone showed higher precision in individual biomass estimates. The adjusted equation in the first rotation of the stand overestimated the individual biomass of three clones by 22% and showed greater dispersion in clones with lower survival. Based on the results obtained, individual biomass estimation equations should be adjusted taking into account the silvicultural system and genotypes.
Fotogranulação e recuperação de fósforo em fotobiorreator em bateladas sequenciais no tratamento de esgoto doméstico de baixa carga orgânica
(2023-08-08) Almeida, Ana Alice Xavier de; Magnus, Bruna Scandolara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7126445594531053; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8471636011949542
The application of the algal-bacterial consortium in the treatment of wastewater has been studied for several aspects beyond the reduction of pollutant load. Among these aspects, the high nutrient removal capacity and the potential for utilization of excess biomass stand out. Therefore, this study investigated the performance of the algal-bacterial granular consortium in a photobioreactor in sequential batches, operating with 4 h cycles, treating synthetic domestic wastewater under light intensity, as well as evaluating the phosphorus recovery capacity in the biomass. To achieve the objective of this research, a transparent acrylic photobioreactor was constructed with a useful volume of 3.5 L, with a height/diameter ratio of 8 mm and a volumetric change of 55%. The system was inoculated with the mixture of aerobic sludge from a sludge station activated by prolonged aeration. Aerobic granules were obtained in the photobioreactor, and granules with diameters between 0.2 and 1 mm were formed. Throughout the experiment, the COD removal efficiency averaged 88% and remained stable throughout the experiment. The system achieved 72% nitrogen removal efficiency, so the microalgae growth may have contributed to this removal. Chlorophyll concentration reached 5.8 mg/L in the photobioreactor, indicating a symbiosis between heterotrophic bacteria and microalgae. Concentrations were noticeable in five fractions of phosphorus present in the biomass, found concentrations of 4.9 mg/g.SSV, 4.1 mg/g.SSV, 5.4 mg/g.SSV, 1.4 mg/g.SSV, 0.38 mg/g.SSV for total, organic, inorganic, apatite and non-apatite phosphorus, respectively, showing the potential for application in agriculture.
Integração sistema agroflorestal utilizando efluente de piscicultura na chácara terracota em Aldeia/PE
(2019) Coelho, Pedro Liberal Paes; Piscoya, Victor Casimiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4581165998180986; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9569475105062665
Produção de astaxantina a partir da microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: processos, aplicações e mercado
(2021-01-12) Mota, Géssica Cavalcanti Pereira; Olivera Gálvez, Alfredo; Moraes, Laenne Barbara Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1483699193923171; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7002327312102794; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7680483824638632
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with applications in human and animal health and nutrition, biosynthesized by many microorganisms, including the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. The astaxanthin biosynthesis process in this microalga is carried out in the cytoplasm, starting in the vegetative phase of the life cycle and ending in the cystic phase, when secondary carotenoids are induced through physical-chemical changes in cultivation. The production of H. pluvialis occurs in open or closed cultivation structures, in semi-continuous, continuous or discontinuous modes, presenting different growth variables, productivity and characteristics related to the purity of the culture. The processes resulting from the cultivation of microalga to obtain astaxanthin consists of biomass harvest, cell disruption, drying of biomass and astaxanthin extraction. Due to the processes necessary to produce biomass and astaxanthin, the production costs are high, depending on the methods of cultivation and processing, however it has a higher market value compared to other astaxanthin sources. The astaxanthin production from H. pluvialis becomes more viable and sustainable when the biorefinery model is applied, with the integration of bioprocessing to obtain products and co-products of high value, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and pigments, as well as energy generation, in order to maximize benefits and limit costs.
Síntese e caracterização do carvão ativado obtido da frutífera de maracujá
(2024-02-26) Melo Júnior, Sebastião Batista de; Barros, Ivoneide de Carvalho Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5272867419216787; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8946175932671037
The northeast of Brazil is one of the largest producers of passion fruit and produces a large amount of waste as a by-product of its activities, which has no defined destination. The accumulation of this waste without specific application causes an environmental problem, such as the fruit waste not used by pulp industries. We therefore proposed using this waste to produce biochar through the process of thermal degradation of organic matter, known as pyrolysis. After chemically activating the biochar, this material has greater chemical and thermal stability. With this in mind, priority was given to studying the properties of activated carbons from the residual biomass of passion fruit trees obtained via incipient impregnation using H3PO4 and ZnCl2. The coals were prepared from treated residual biomass (CAM/H3PO4 and CAM/ZnCl2) and the biochar precursor obtained from biomass pyrolysis (CAMB/H3PO4 and CAMB/ZnCl2). The physicochemical properties of the raw biomass, biochar and activated carbons were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), proximate analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), point of zero charge (PCZ) and surface area (BET). FTIR data from the activated carbons showed absorptions related to C=C stretching related to aromatic structures, with the acid-activated carbons showing absorptions of phosphorus and phosphocarbon compounds (hydrogen bonded to P=O; aromatic P-O-C, and P=OOH groups), as well as confirmation of a predominantly amorphous or disordered structure identified by XRD. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG) showed that the biochar and charcoal samples activated with H3PO4 and ZnCl2 had good thermal stability. The results of the immediate analysis showed a higher content of volatile materials (72%) in the passion fruit biomass compared to the passion fruit biochar (PM) and the coals activated with ZnCl2 and H3PO4 (< 10%). The pyrolyzed materials (CAMB/H3PO4 and CAMB/ZnCl2) showed a higher percentage of fixed carbon and ash, which is to be expected given that they are materials that have undergone the carbonization process. For the coals activated with ZnCl2 and H3PO4, the zero charge point results were 3.02 and 6.42, respectively. Finally, the characterization of the surface area of each sample revealed that CAMB/H3PO4, CAM/H3PO4 and CAMB/ZnCl2 did not develop considerable porosity, with the exception of CAM/ZnCl2, which showed a surface area of 713m2.
Utilização da biomassa como indicador do desenvolvimento vegetativo para previsão da produtividade da cana-de-açúcar
(1992) Pin, Liu Hsi; Luna, João Gil de
Este trabalho propõe um método para previsão de produção agrícola final de canaviais, baseando-se no conceito de biomassa. Os resultados revelaram que os dados de biomassa de canaviais com seis meses de idade e a produção de cana final, apresentaram uma relação estatística altamente significativa, especialmente nos tratamentos de variedades e aplicações de fertilizantes orgânicos.