Navegando por Autor "Melo Júnior, Mauro de"

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Aulas de campo no Ensino Básico de Pernambuco: propostas de guias práticos para exploração de alguns ecossistemas litorâneo-costeiros
(2021-12-06) Lima, Willian Lopes; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1436297679155454
Field classes are important didactic-pedagogical tools that manage to unite theory and practice through meaningful learning. This importance grows even more when this type of activity is used to teach ecology and the environment, since through it, critical citizens can be formed and sensitized to environmental issues, which is extremely necessary today, see the advanced state degradation of our ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze how the spheres of Federal and State governments are stimulating the teaching of ecology and the environment, and the use of field activities in schools. Therefore, an evaluation was carried out in the main documents that guide education in the state of Pernambuco, the Common National Curriculum Base and the Pernambuco Curriculum for Education, to quantify the occurrence of terms common to the areas of ecology and environment, as well as to understand how these documents regulate field classes. Furthermore, a preliminary data survey was carried out on the occurrence of field classes in teaching activities or in the education of students in the State, who completed their studies in the last 10 years, and the possible factors that hinder their implementation. From the evaluation carried out, it was possible to verify that the guiding documents of Education in the State have few terms related to the areas of ecology and the environment in their text, and although one of them refers to field classes, a concrete standardization was not observed. For its correct employment in schools. At the same time, it was evident that field classes are still not carried out satisfactorily, since through the survey, few cases of field classes were observed among the interviewees and several factors were raised that hinder their occurrence, among them, problems related to transportation, payment of fees and lack of incentives from the educational institutions themselves. The set of all data obtained in the documental research and in the preliminary survey with the school community culminated in the construction of three field guides for different ecosystems found in the State, aiming at encouraging field classes to teach ecology and the environment. Such field guides, in the form of lesson plans, provide elements necessary for teaching activities, with tips and suggestions for a better exploration of three important coastal-coastal ecosystems, which occur not only in Pernambuco, but also in other brazilian states.
Avaliação ambiental do estuário do Capibaribe por intermédio da fauna planctônica: estrutura e indicadores biológicos da qualidade da água
(2019-12-12) Cruz, Maria Mylena Oliveira da; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7317426286930736
The general objective of this work was to evaluate a heavily polluted estuary (Capibaribe) through the zooplankton community and verify its potential use as a bioindicator of water quality. To test the hypothesis that in the Capibaribe estuary, the water quality condition is eutrophicated to the point of sustaining (i) a zooplankton community formed by species indicative of abundant particulate organic matter, low oxygenation and high turbidity and (ii) the establishment of small populations dominated mainly by rotifers, the campaigns were carried out in the urban area of the river in the city of Recife (Pernambuco), in three sectors based on the salinity gradient: Euhaline, Polyhaline, Meso-oligohaline and 9 collection stations. Six campaigns were carried out, always during low tide. Data regarding environmental variables were measured from a Horida U-52 probe. Zooplankton samples were collected by filtering a minimum of 100 L through a plankton net (45 µm) and a graduated bucket and fixed with 4% saline formaldehyde. The bioindication of taxa was evaluated by the Indication Value (IndVal) method, where ten species belonging to the Rotifera group, Copepoda and Polychaeta larvae were found. For the zooplankton community, 46 taxa belonging to the groups Rotifera, Annelida (Polychaeta), Mollusca (velliceroy of Gastropoda), Crustacea (Copepoda, Cladocera, Decapoda, Cirripedia), Chaetognatha and Chordata (fish larvae and eggs) were recorded. Rotifera was the most frequent group, especially Brachionus angularis (81.48%), the mean density was 625.4+-731.8 ind. L-1. The highest richness was in the Euhaline (dry) and Meso-oligohaline (rainy) sectors, the rotifer dominance and diversity were higher in the Meso-oligohaline sector for both periods. The study proved the hypotheses that the estuary is dominated by smallsized species and bioindicators of abiotic factors that indicate pollution, showing that the Capibaribe River estuary is being affected by anthropic disturbance and that bioindicator species can be used for water quality monitoring.
Avaliação da abordagem dos sete princípios essenciais do oceano na Base Nacional Comum Curricular do Brasil
(2021-12-09) Andrade, Inayse da Silva; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2666778560521856
The ocean has a valuable relationship with human beings who, since the beginning, launched into boats to discover and explore it. About 4.6 billion people live close to the sea and enjoy its ecosystem services. On December 5, 2017, the United Nations declared the Decade of Ocean Science to ensure support for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In Brazil, the launch of the program on ocean literacy was carried out in 2019, and since then, several entities have been trying to expand society’s access to the principles of this program. Ocean literacy has seven essential principles of the ocean to involve society in the themes of the sea, principles that were explored in this work through an exploratory analysis, through the use of keywords, to assess possible approaches in the Common National Curriculum Base of Brazil, given the urgent need to work on ocean education in schools. The analysis of the keywords showed how much they were cited in the BNCC text, highlighting the words “resources” with 181 citations, of which only 22 were related to some essential principle of the ocean, followed by the words “diversity”, “dynamics” and “earth” with 126, 71 and 56 citations, respectively. It was possible to identify the principle that presented the highest number of related citations, principle 6 for being related to 73.3% of citations, as well as the least related, principle 4 representing only 10% of citations. BNCC's abilities were also identified for the stages of elementary and high school, directly or indirectly related to the seven essential principles of the ocean, showing that, despite the difficulties encountered, it is possible to work on the oceanic theme in the contexts of the BNCC. It is also possible to identify the areas that present greater possibilities for approaching the ocean and its principles, with greater emphasis on the areas of Natural Sciences and its technologies and geography. The results also show that the presence of Keywords directly related to the essential principles facilitates the process of approaching them, while the relationship indirectly requires a greater effort from the educator and the development of a more sensitive look to the demand of ocean education with the students. The development of works like this reflects the importance of recognizing the role of the ocean in our lives and the duty to include it in our basic education.
Caracterização da poluição por resíduos sólidos na linha-do-deixa em duas praias do litoral norte de Pernambuco
(2020-02-03) Nascimento, Eridiana Angélica Dias do; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0755007615566832
Solid waste improperly disposed of on beaches poses risks to health and to the entire marine ecosystem. The objective of this work was to analyze and compare the solid residues found on the beaches of Maria Farinha and Casa Caiada in Pernambuco, evaluating the number of residues, observing possible associations with living beings and identifying the most likely sources. In 2019, three collections were made at each beach, in Maria Farinha, on November 25, at 8:49 am, December 13 and 26, at 10:42 am and 10:30 am respectively; and Casa Caiada, on November 27, at 10:46 am, December 14 and 27, at 11:20 am and 10:46 am, respectively. For the collection, a transect 1 m wide by 10 m long, whose center was the line-of-cue (maximum level of the high tide), was arranged in three points of the beaches, with a distance of 100 m between them. The collected items were quantified, weighed and measured. They were classified according to the composition: plastic, metal, paper, glass and organic, observed using a stereomicroscope to identify possible associated living beings and, finally, the possible sources of the analyzed items were defined. In total 141 items were collected during the three collection days at each beach, 41 at Maria Farinha beach and 100 at Casa Caiada beach. Associations of living beings were found mainly with plastic material residues, these organisms being macroalgae (arribada), microalgae (perifiton), oysters and barnacle, found in Maria Farinha. While at Casa Caiada beach, associations were found with items of plastic and metal material, these being polychaeta and gastropod tubes, respectively. The results show that the pollution comes mainly from what is consumed and discarded by users.
Estudos sobre a fauna planctônica de um complexo estuarino no litoral norte de Pernambuco: estado da arte e perspectivas
(2019-02-05) Pereira, Rayssa Thaís de Oliveira; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3001942985766390
Estuaries are very dynamic environments and have a high level of productivity. The Santa Cruz Channel, located on the northern coast of Pernambuco, acts as the key element in regulating the abiotic phenomena of the estuarine complex. The zooplankton is represented by important species in the bioindicación in the quality of the water, since, its communities are directly affected by the biotic and abiotic conditions. The present study aims to gather a quantitative of research published between the 1970s and 2010, aiming to raise scientific gaps related to the estuarine zooplankton of this estuarine complex. A total of 20 published articles and book chapters were analyzed. The studies were tabulated, based on the presence (1) and absence (0) of elements such as year of publication, locality, subjects addressed, biotic and abiotic aspects of the area. Studies related to the estuarine zooplankton of the Santa Cruz Channel were started in the 1970s. However, during the most recent decades (1990-2010), surveys are characterized by the continuity of the descriptive works, to the detriment of the analyzes on vertical migration, secondary production, feeding and exploration of more zooplanktonic groups besides Copepoda, Decapoda and total zooplankton. Some approaches have gained greater visibility in the last years of the decade of 2010, presenting more descriptive researches regarding zooplankton and the estuarine complex.
Hábito alimentar de Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura: Grapsidae) em um ambiente recifal na praia de Gaibú (Pernambuco-Brasil)
(2021-12-17) Pinto, Rômulo Marinho Falcão; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; Santana, Julianna de Lemos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9898797268971400; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8561109253699688
The aim of this study was to discribe feeding behavior of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850, in the beach of Gaibú, verifying the occurence frequence, abundance and relative contribution of each food item in total volume of ingested food, comparing data between different aspects such as sex, stage of moltcicle, sample locals and seasonality on collected sample group in Gaibú beach, considering that this is one of the most common species of the Grapsidae Family in brazilian and northeanstern coast which have known influence in different trophic levels, potentiated factor by their abundance and omnivorous habit. The samplings were realized monthly during the sizygy tides between the period of september/2018 and september/2019, there were determinated two points of sampling, point 1 beying near the beach and point 2 beying closer to the sea. There was used the point method to calculate the occurence frequence, relative contribution and food index of each item. The chi-square test (X²) with significance level at 5% (a = 0,05), for analyze possible diferences between both sexes. The ER (stage of repletion) is related to how much each stomach is full, there were defined 3 stages for ER, which are: low fullness (E1), medium fullness (E2), total fullness (E3) and empty (E0). Each repletion stage recives one value to be integrated to the calculations of the poiting method, for calculate the food index, relative contribution and the relative frequence of each food item. The results showed one variety of 15 food itens: algae, mond, shell fragments, sea urchin thorn, amphipoda, sedment, eggs, microplastic, gastropoda, mite, isopoda, stomatopoda, copepoda, chironomidae larva, coleóptera, beying these vegetable and animals food, characterizing, thus, their omnivory also in the local of this study. Mond and algae were the most representative itens showing, respectively, 59.73% and 55.75% of volume in the stomach contente. The presence of sedment and other food itens rich in minerals showed changes according to the moltcicle stage, indicating that can variate accordingly the bigger necessity of minerals, as a result of the formation of the carapace in cases of individuals in the pre molt and post molt phases. There were verified the presence of microplastic in 22.79% of stomachs, in the form of blue and red fibers. There were not found significant difference in relation to the food index between male and female, as in referente to the feeding in general as in ingestion of microplastic. However, in a smaller scale, looking to the relative frequence, there was found more microplastic in ovigerous females, indicating a bigger susceptibility to the contamination by them, what can be explained by the bigger quantity of food ingested by ovigerous females, because of the bigger energy demand.
Microplásticos do plâncton na porção norte da APA Costa dos Corais (Tamandaré, Brasil)
(2019-12-13) Ferreira, Lucas Xavier; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7507756194543034
Microplastics are particles smaller than 5 mm and can be broadly classified as: filamentous, hard fragments and soft fragments. These particles are among the main current solid contaminants in the marine environment. Such fragments can be released into the environment in different ways, such as degradation itself through biotic or abiotic factors. After being degraded, these particles can be suspended in the water column, thus being able to be ingested by organisms, especially filters at the base of the food chain. The work aims to characterize the plankton microplastics in the waters that bathe the northern portion of the Costa dos Corais Environmental Protection Area, in Tamandaré (PE), aiming at the evaluation of three planktonic compartments in the area (estuarine plume, in the reefs and in the bay ). Samples from 4 campaigns carried out between Sep / 2017 and Mar / 2018 were analyzed, aiming to sample periods with different rainfall regimes, always at low water (to better establish the influence of estuarine plumes). The analyzed microplastics were quantified and classified according to type. To confirm the visually screened microplastics, tests were performed with nitric acid (HNO3). The results show that there is a higher incidence of filamentous microplastics (12 ± 13 mp / m³), compared to other types. The presence of filamentous microplastics reached an average density of 16.08 ± 16.22 mp m³ in the plume, in the dry period, and in the rainy period it had an average of 21.62 ± 20.77 mp m³ in the reefs. . The densities of filamentous microplastics were significantly different between points (plume, bay and reefs). In each period, even with this variation between the points, the data indicate that there was a variation between the points, but if compared to other studies, the variation is not significant, although the bay has shown variation in relation to the other areas. In the present study, the seasonal period did not have a significant influence on the increase in the presence of microplastics in the studied points, even though microplastics are common in estuarine systems in several parts of the world, the fact that there were no seasonal differences in the studied points ( it was expected that during the rains the occurrence of microplastics would be higher) due to the insertion of the Ilhetas and Mamucabas estuaries in a protected region (APA Guadalupe and ReBio de Saltinho).
Observatório Ambiental Itinerante: popularizando o Semiárido em escolas do município de Serra Talhada (PE)
(Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (SEDE); Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada; Administração, 2011) Melo Júnior, Mauro de
O Observatório Ambiental do Semiárido (OAS) foi criado com o propósito de atuar como um instrumento sistemático de pesquisa, organização e difusão de temas sócio-ambientais, articulando pesquisa, ensino e prática social com a formação e capacitação de alunos universitários. O OAS visa ampliar o horizonte de análise e intervenção social no convívio com a realidade buscando elementos para reflexão sobre o local e o regional. A divulgação de problemas ambientais pode atuar como uma forte ferramenta na amenização das consequências advindas desses problemas, já que parte da população pode dar início a um processo de discussão e articulação em busca de melhores soluções. A presente proposta tem como objetivo difundir a ação do OAS de forma itinerante, através de exposições móveis, abordando temas relacionados ao semiárido. Este projeto possibilitará o acesso das crianças a informações sobre os recursos vivos da região. As ações extensionistas estão sendo realizadas nas escolas do município e vem funcionando como um veículo de promoção das potencialidades da região, nos aspectos econômico e sócio-ambiental. Muitas crianças nunca ouviram falar de alguns temas básicos do bioma Caatinga, o que vem despertando um olhar crítico desses atores no que se refere a manutenção e preservação desses recursos ambientais.
Ocorrência e distribuição de microplásticos no Arquipélago de Abrolhos
(2019-06-10) Silva, Myller Cardoso da; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1951306508450135
Plastic pollution is a major threat to oceanic, coastal and marine biota environments and has been documented for the last 40 years. The study of pelagic microplastics in islands of the Atlantic Ocean is recurrent, where the islands retain plastics of the adjacent sea by different metaoceanographics mechanisms, being one of the main factors for the decline of native species and degradation of the natural beauty. The objectives of this work were to determine the abundance, spatial distribution, composition and classification of microplastics in the Abrolhos Archipelago. In addition to improving the technique of quantification and measurement of particles through the process of visual identification and digestion of organic particles by nitric acid (HNO₃), and compare the samples obtained in different mesh apertures (64 μm and 200 μm). The Abrolhos reef complex covers the largest area of coral reefs in Brazil and the entire South Atlantic Ocean. The study region concentrated on points located about 10 - 70 km offshore. To identify the particles, techniques of visual counting and digestion by nitric acid were used. The densities underwent non-parametric statistical tests such as Wilcoxon / Mann -Whitney and Kruskal Wallis) to compare the central trends of the samples. Microplastics were classified according to their type: filaments, soft plastics, hard plastics and styrofoam. The 64 μm mesh was more effective in the capture of microplastics (4.19 mp / m-3) and 1.87 mp / m-3 in the 200 μm mesh. The two networks presented a similar general collection composition, since both had higher densities of filaments (64 μm 2.49 mp / m-3 and 2.15 mp / m-3 in the 200 μm mesh). The region farthest from the continent has a higher density of microplastics, as well as in the region closest to the coast. The use of the smaller mesh increases the collection capacity of plastic items, especially for filaments. Further research is needed to understand the distribution of microplastics and seek a mitigation of the various environmental problems caused by them.
O plâncton como ferramenta de difusão científica e ambiental - uma breve revisão
(2023-04-28) Santos, Sofia Moura; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2854114554272022
Plankton corresponds to a group of organisms that are carried by currents, and is very important in the primary production of the food chain, maintenance of the marine ecosystem, in addition to bioindication of the environment in which it is inserted. Even so, there are few people who have this notion about this portion of living beings in aquatic ecosystems. Within this context, there is a need to raise awareness of how plankton is used as a tool for scientific dissemination and environmental education. Thus, the work aims to explore and synthesize the use of plankton as a tool for scientific dissemination and environmental education, especially in Brazil. A bibliographical research was carried out, with different combinations of words in the Google Scholar, Scielo and Science Direct databases. After analyzing the titles and abstracts, the data were passed through the exclusion and selection methods. In all, 28 papers were raised relating Plankton as a tool for Scientific Dissemination and/or Environmental Education. Analyzing the results, it was seen that it is necessary to boost national publication, considering that there is a deficiency in literature published in scientific vehicles. Most of the studies (25%) approach plankton and its theory in a more synthesized way, and in second place we have plankton being used as a source to measure water quality (21.4%). There were still manifestations of plankton being approached as the main producer of oxygen, and its importance in the estuarine environment. Among the tools adopted by the scientists, the use of lectures for national and international articles (>46%) is observed. It is concluded that it is necessary that methods and experiences to encourage the environmental education of plankton are increasingly disseminated and discussed.
Plâncton e microplásticos flutuantes dos recifes de Serrambi (Ipojuca, PE), durante um ciclo circadiano
(2018-08-15) Silva, Josefa Luana de Aguiar; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0782368445581490
Reef plankton is of vital importance to marine ecosystems as it represents the basis of the pelagic food web in the oceans, and changes in its composition and structure can cause profound changes at all trophic levels. This study aimed to understand the dynamics of the plankton community and the floating microplásticos of the Serrambi beach reefs located in Ipojuca, south coast of Pernambuco, and whether there is influence of a circadian cycle on the structure of these important plots of the pelagic system. The sampling campaign was carried out during a complete circadian cycle in a rainy season, corresponding to the following moments: (i) daytime ebb tide; (ii) nocturnal ebb tide; (iii) daytime flood tide; and (iv) night flood tide. Samples were collected from horizontal trawls and near the reefs, using plankton nets of 20 μm (phytoplankton) and 65 μm (zooplankton). For the microplastics, the samples of this last plot were considered. The phytoplankton groups observed were cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates. The values of the phytoplankton density were very different in the four collection times, varying between 123.82 and 1783.02 cells / L, with numerical predominance of diatoms (93.5%). As for zooplankton, the variation in the occurrence of the zooplankton groups was relatively low on all four occasions; however, the density found was very high during daytime (38943.4 ind. m-3) and nocturnal (38460.4 ind. . m-3), with emphasis on copepods (65.92%). Considering microplastics, (i) yarns and lint were found, (ii) hard fragments and (iii) soft fragments of microplastics, all of secondary origin of different colors and sizes, demonstrating several possible sources. The values of the microplastic densities during the circadian cycle are very similar, ranging from 5.19 microns. m-3 (night flood) and 17.69 microns. m-3 (nocturnal ebb), demonstrating also to respond to tidal variation. These results demonstrate how tidal variations occurring along a circadian cycle may have a strong influence on the structure and dynamics of plankton and microplastics. In addition, it is possible to infer that the main environmental variable along the circadian cycle to act on these elements is the tidal variation, with potential influence on the upper trophic links and dependent on seston particles.
Utilização de um caso de reabilitação de um bicho-preguiça na sensibilização ambiental de estudantes da Educação Básica
(2021-12-06) Felipe, Nara Rafaella do Nascimento; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; Barros, Nathália Fernanda Justino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0990807064246900; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1754044747148817
Faced with the critical environmental scenario arising from anthropic actions, researchers, organizations and entities have developed preservation projects that promote awareness-raising actions and strategies to combat the main causes of this problem. In addition to the activities developed by these projects, the participation of education in the development of an environmental concept for children and adolescents is essential. Based on this, it is necessary to reflect on the role of the school in its relevance and challenges, with the complexity of these relationships mediated by Environmental Education from the educational dimensions, contained in guiding documents of Basic Education, such as the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC). The proposals for the insertion of different attractive teaching approaches have been developed in different systems, among them, the teaching method using Comics (Comic Books), mainly in relation to environmental issues. Therefore, the objective of this work is to use a case of the rehabilitation of a sloth for environmental awareness of students in basic education, based on the analysis of the BNCC and the original production of a comic book. The animal's observations were carried out in the Preguiça de Garganta Marrom (PPGM) Project, located in the Dois Irmãos State Park (PEDI), during a period of 12 months, and the collection of information from the students was obtained in an elementary school and a school. high school in Recife (PE). An objective and exploratory reading of the BNCC was carried out, based on thematic searches, where 11 keywords were selected that have a direct relationship with the content covered in the work and its relevance to the proposed theme in each skill for teaching in basic education. The selected keywords were mentioned 83 times in the document, however, only four of them were found in the skills of elementary and high school, maintaining a direct relationship with the exposed theme. The life story and recovery of the sloth specimen, as well as the skills contained in the BNCC that were directly related to the case in question, were considered for the production of the comic book. Six comics with author images referring to different moments of the animal's treatment and recovery process in the rehabilitation project over a period of one year composed the comic, in addition to narrative captions explaining each moment in the story. From the analysis of the BNCC, it was found that, perhaps, the document does not offer the necessary conditions to develop in basic education students a critical awareness of socio-environmental problems, based on the case study discussed. The comic book as a strategy for disseminating a real story of an animal undergoing rehabilitation made it possible to present the desired information to the target audience, involving students in a playful and pleasant way. In this sense, it was possible to verify the didactic potential of using comics as a complementary tool, in science and biology classes, to address environmental issues.