Navegando por Assunto "Solos - Poluição"

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Avaliação de milho (Zea mays) e feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) em solo (neossolo litólico) contaminado com Al(III) através de análise morfológica e espectrofotométrica
(2019) Silva, Maria Caroline Pereira da; Lima, Marcelo Batista de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2424699316257149; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844991714013250
Aluminum in its ionic form, Al (III), presents itself as a problem for the development of plant cultures and has been pointed as a potential factor for the emergence of neurodegenerative and bone diseases in humans. In this work we evaluated the influence of different Al (III) concentrations on soil samples (eutrophic cambisol) and corn (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) crops. This evaluation was made by the morphological and spectrophotometric analysis of the plants and by the analyzes by the titulometric and spectrophotometric method for the soil. Thus, a planting was performed for 21 days. The seed containers, three corn or three bean, were arranged in eight blocks, each block containing all soil samples treated with different Al (III) concentrations. After the germination and growth period, the crops and soil were analyzed. The main symptoms of morphological alteration observed in the plants were chlorosis, leaf curling and reduction in the root system and size. The spectrophotometric analysis of the plants resulted in Al (III) concentrations between 167.58-181.26 mg L-1. The analyzes performed on soil samples for Al (III) concentration by both methods presented different values. The titration method showed variations between 16.19-59.36 mg L-1 of Al (III), while in the spectrophotometric the values obtained were between 168.24-230.77 mg L-1 of Al (III).
Danos oxidativos associados a estresses abióticos durante a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de milho
(2019) Alves, Rafael Mateus; Pinto, Monalisa Alves Diniz da Silva Camargo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0446410743186066; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2035356244872102
Soil contamination by salinity and heavy metals are factors that limit agricultural production, affecting seed germination and initial seedling development. Purple corn stands out as an important source of natural pigments, which can be used for various industrial purposes. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxidative damage associated with abiotic stress during germination and the initial development of purple corn seedlings. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada Academic Unit. For each experiment, the design used was the entirely randomized 5x2 factor scheme (concentration x temperature), with four repetitions of 50 seeds (germination test), four repetitions of 20 seeds (seedling length and dry mass test) and three repetitions of five normal seedlings, from the germination test (indicators of oxidative damage). The parameters evaluated were germination percentage, length and total dry mass of the aerial part, root system and indicators of oxidative damage (total chlorophylls, a, b, total carotenoids and lipid peroxidation) in the seedling phase. All analyses were performed using the statistical software SISVAR v. 5.6 and the Sigma Plot 10.0 software was used to produce the graphs. The increase in saline concentrations affected germination, growth parameters (length and dry mass) and indicators of oxidative damage (total chlorophylls, a, b, total carotenoids and lipid peroxidation) of purple corn seedlings. The association of the different saline concentrations with the temperature of 30ºC provided superior growth parameters, even in conditions of saline stress. The use of different aluminum concentrations did not interfere in the germination percentage of purple corn seeds, while the growth parameters (length and dry mass accumulation) and the indicators of oxidative damage (total chlorophylls, a, b, total carotenoids and lipid peroxidation) of purple corn seedlings were reduced with the increase in aluminum concentrations. The association of the different aluminum concentrations with a temperature of 25ºC indicated that the growth of the aerial part was less affected with the increase in concentrations. A temperature of 30ºC resulted in a greater accumulation of total dry mass, of the aerial part and of the root system of purple corn seedlings. In view of the above, germination, initial seedling development and indicators of oxidative damage subjected to sodium chloride concentrations and initial seedling development and indicators of oxidative damage subjected to aluminum concentrations are efficient to evaluate the physiological performance of purple corn seedlings.
Disponibilidade ambiental e risco ecológico de metais pesados em solos de diferentes posições fisiográficas de manguezal
(2022-10-07) Silva, Suellayne Correia Valério da; Biondi, Caroline Miranda; Araújo, Paula Renata Muniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1779598476646308; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8326756664758702; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1266535065976270
Mangrove soils are considered geochemical filters due to their great capacity to retain heavy metals. The level of contamination of these soils can be assessed by the environmentally available levels of heavy metals and the ecological risk. With this, the work aimed to evaluate the levels of heavy metals based on the 3051A analysis, comparing with regional and international reference levels, as well as estimating the ecological risk in areas of different physiographic positions of the Botafogo mangrove. Soil samples were collected (0-40 cm) along two transects (T1 and T2) at distances of 0, 60, 120 and 180 meters from the bank of the Botafogo River. In the field, pH and Eh were determined in sections 0 to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30 and 30 to 40 cm of the collected soils. In the laboratory, the samples were prepared for granulometric, organic matter (MOS) and heavy metal analysis. Metal contents were determined in ICP-OES after 3051A acid digestion of soil samples. Descriptive statistics were adopted for all variables evaluated. The pH values of the evaluated areas indicated slightly acidic to neutral soils; while the values of Eh, suboxic to anoxic environments. There was a predominance of clayey soils and high levels of SOM in T1; sandy soils predominated in T2. In general, the average levels of heavy metals in T1 were higher than in T2, and exceeded regional backgrounds. Only Cr and Cu showed levels above the Threshold Effect Level (TEL), indicating possible adverse effects on the biota. The distribution of metals in the transects varied as a function of clay and SOM contents, as verified in the positive and significant correlations between metals and clay, and between metals and SOM. Ecological risk coefficients (Ei) were higher at T1 when compared to T2, but all Ei were below 40, indicating low risk. The Potential Ecological Risk (PER), considering the effect of the set of metals, was below 150, showing that the presence of metals in mangrove forests does not offer high ecological risks.
Monitoramento geoquímico e ambiental de solos na Área de Proteção Ambiental Santa Cruz, Pernambuco - Brasil
(2019-12-19) Cunha, Lilian Maria Gomes da; Moraes, Alex Souza; Santos, Jandyson Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4137257750865101; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0440163845324480; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1839740899121271
The importance of the Santa Cruz Environmental Protection Area is attributed to its biodiversity and primary and secondary productivity, representing an ecological unit of great environmental and socioeconomic significance for the state of Pernambuco. The Santa Cruz Canal Estuarine Complex is recognized as an ecosystem quite vulnerable to pollution and contamination caused by improper land use and occupation. The analysis of heavy metals in soils (Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) was used to make situation graphs of the environmental liabilities in which the Santa Cruz APA is located. The results were compared with CONAMA resolution 420/2009 as a guiding model for the reference values of contaminated soil quality. Thus, it was observed that for the arsenic and cadmium elements there were values above the allowed values, suggesting that there is an environmental impact registered in the Santa Cruz EPA probably resulting from agricultural activities and local urban expansion. It can be concluded that there is a need for increased environmental monitoring in both soil sample quantity and environmental parameters, as evidence of environmental disturbances in areas of strategic interest such as APAs has been the result of research. that are in line with the needs of public management.
Teores de mercúrio total e estimativa de risco à saúde humana em solos de manguezal contaminados por indústria de soda-cloro
(2024-02-26) Silva Neto, José Carlos da; Biondi, Caroline Miranda; Araújo, Paula Renata Muniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1779598476646308; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8326756664758702; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5393117310370821
The Botafogo River estuary is located between the cities of Goiana and Itapissuma, coastal area of Pernambuco, and is the most relevant water resource among the coastal rivers that border the region, being responsible for the main water reservoir used to supply the local population. However, the activity of a chlor-alkali plant established close to the mangrove in the 1960s brought effluents containing Hg into the river, presenting potential for contamination in areas of mangrove forests, which could interfere with the health of the mangrove ecosystem and the community. This work aimed to evaluate the total Hg levels, relate them to the granulometry and chemical attributes of the soils and estimate the risk to human health in soils from two transects, located in different physiographic positions of the Botafogo River mangrove. For this, 3 soil profiles (0-40 cm) were collected at distances 0, 60, 120 and 180 meters from the margin of each transect during periods of low tide. The profiles were sectioned at depths 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm and the particle size fractions, organic matter, pH, Eh and total Hg were determined. Based on the Hg results in the soils, the non-carcinogenic risk to human health was estimated. The pH and Eh values indicated slightly acidic to neutral soils and suboxic to anoxic environments, respectively, representing favorable conditions for Hg retention. Clay content predominated in the soils of Transect 1 (T1), while the sand fraction predominated in Transect 2 (T2). SOM values ranged from 144 to 424 g kg-1, with higher levels in the T1 profiles. Average Hg levels ranged from 0.2 to 15.3 mg.kg-1 in T1 and from 0.0 to 7.4 mg.kg-1 in T2. The Hg contents in T1 were higher compared to T2, possibly due to the position of the transect in the landscape and the greater accumulation of clay and OM, corroborated by the positive and significant correlations between Hg and clay, and between Hg and OM. When comparing the Hg values found with international reference levels, maximum Hg values were found to be up to 102 times higher than the international reference value TEL (Threshold Effect Level) and 15 times the PEL (Probable Effects Level). About 82% of samples exceeded the PEL, indicating that toxic effects on biota are likely. The health risk for children was greater than that for adults because they are organisms more sensitive to the toxicity of the metal. The main route of exposure was inhalation of Hg vapor. Contamination of soils in the Botafogo River estuary reached mangrove forest areas, highlighting the widespread Hg contamination in the area. The areas most contaminated by the metal pose risks to the riverside community.