Navegando por Autor "Santos Neto, José Pio dos"

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Equações polinomiais do I ao IV grau: uma breve história do seu desenvolvimento
(2024-10-02) Santos Neto, José Pio dos; Souza, Cícero Monteiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7540654793551489; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5113765752328533
The present work aims to present a History of Algebra, with an emphasis on the evolution of concepts and the formalization of polynomial equations from the first to the fourth degree, as well as to analyze the solution methods developed over time. Initially, the algebraic contributions of primitive civilizations are presented chronologically, covering the crucial moment of the systematization of mathematics by the Greeks until the fall of the Roman Empire. Then, with the arrival of the Middle Ages, the Arab invasions, the establishment of the House of Wisdom, and the translation centers, mathematics became accessible to all peoples, and consequently, algebra began to gain significant importance in problem-solving, especially in commercial transactions. By the end of the Middle Ages, first- and second-degree algebraic equations could already be solved, although negative roots were still not considered. Finally, in the 16th century, the concept of imaginary roots and the solution of third- and fourth-degree equations were developed. However, it was only with the French mathematician François Viète (1540 – 1603) that algebra began to evolve into modern algebra, with the creation of a literal notation for the representation of numbers, whether known or unknown, through letters.