Navegando por Autor "Coutinho, Luiz Teles"

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Doença de chagas sob a perspectiva da saúde única
(2024-02-21) Dionizio, José Alexandre Rocha; Coutinho, Luiz Teles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8812254003382110; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2632759634584338
American trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas disease (CD) in Brazil, is an illness caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. To complete its life cycle, the etiological agent depends on the presence of insect vectors from the Triatominae genus, commonly known as kissing bugs. Other transmission modes include the ingestion of food contaminated with fragments and/or secretions from triatomines, transfusion of contaminated blood, transplacental transmission, and accidental contact with contaminated objects. The complications of the disease can lead to cardiovascular alterations, megaesophagus, constipation, and intestinal obstruction in chronic patients. In acute cases, symptoms such as fever, inoculation chagoma, Romaña's sign, malaise, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly may be observed. The prevalence of CD in Brazil varies by region due to specific risk factors such as living conditions, dietary habits, peridomestic animal rearing, population education level, and the presence of different species and food sources for triatomines, contributing to the diversity of cases. Despite being a long-recognized disease, there are only two therapeutically effective drugs officially approved and available from the Ministry of Health: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Both drugs have adverse effects and require strict dosing regimens. The main prophylactic strategies involve controlling the vectors to break the biological cycle of the agent. However, transmission through the ingestion of contaminated food has gained prominence, particularly in regions of Brazil where the consumption of products such as açaí, cupuaçu, and sugarcane juice is common. This underscores the need for more rigorous sanitary-hygienic regulations for these raw products. This literature review aims to address the main etiological, epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and preventive aspects of CD from a public health perspective. Additionally, it highlights the importance of veterinarians in controlling this zoonosis, which, though often neglected, still affects a significant portion of the Brazilian population.
Emprego de antimicrobianos na pecuária bovina e suas implicações na saúde pública
(2021-12-15) Gomes, Lucas da Silva Ferreira; Coutinho, Luiz Teles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8812254003382110; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6350534197203776
The use of antimicrobials (ATM) in ruminants is a tool responsible for a significant boost in animal production by reducing morbidity and mortality rates arising from health problems, thus providing an improvement in the health profile and production rates, and consequently greater quality and safety of animal foods. However, the high adaptability of the bacterial cell associated with the selective pressure imposed by the indiscriminate use of ATM's in animals and also in humans, has been promoting the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide, which is one of the most important problems that reaches and links Human and Veterinary Medicine, as both share the use of a range of common ATM's, combined with the fact that antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB's) and antimicrobial resistance related genes (ARG's) can be transferred between animals, the environment and human beings, making this phenomenon a unique global health problem. The need for constant monitoring of the use of ATM is highlighted, in order to contain the emergence and/or expansion of resistant bacterial strains, as well as the integration between professionals in the mobilization of society as a whole in order to preserve the unique health. In this context, the objective was to carry out this literature review on some aspects of the use of antimicrobials in cattle, as well as the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and their impacts on public health.
Importância da brucelose bovina como zoonose
(2017) Conceição, Ângela Imperiano da; Coutinho, Luiz Teles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8812254003382110; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1070464788087640
The aimof this work is to do a literature review about bovine brucellosis ,emphasizing its close relationship with public health, because of its zoonotic condition, added to economic importance for livestock. This is a chronic infectious contagious anthropozoonosis, caused by bacteria is genre Brucellaspp., composed by nine different species, each one affecting with higher frequency a specific host. In humans,it can becaused by four of these species(Brucellaabortus,B.melitensis,B.suisandB.canis),while cattle and buffaloes are susceptible to B.suis, B. melitensisandB. abortus, being the last one the etiologic agent of bovine brucellosis, main responsible for the sanitary and economic implications in the country. The main sources of infection for animals are the pregnant females infected, fetuses and aborted fetal remains, and contaminated milk and semen.Forhumans, direct contact with secretions of infected animals, inhalation of aerosols, accidental self-inoculation with live vaccines and the ingestion of contaminated and poorly processed milk,meat and their by products represent the most common sourcesofdiseasecontagion. Becauseof its epidemiological, sanitary and economic importance with, even, restrictions to the international trade of animals and products of animal origin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply released in 2001 the National Program of Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis – PNCEBT. The purpose of this program is to reduce the negative impact of the zoonosis in the human and anima lhealth,since the risk factor for human brucellosis is the primary occurrence in animals; in addition to promoting the development and competitiveness of national livestock.