Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/5
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Diversidade de besouros escarabeíneos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco UFRPE/Sede(2024-10-04) Assis Júnior, José Fernando de; Liberal, Carolina Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7390869942259612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8327288458916924Scarab beetles are called "dung beetles", this name was given due to the peculiar behavior of some individuals, these beetles modulate and roll some balls made with the feces of other animals. In Brazil, 786 species included in 69 genera are recorded, and in the state of Pernambuco, 16 species distributed in 8 genera are found. The consequences of the behavior and life cycle of these individuals include several environmental services, such as increased nutrient cycling rate in the environment, soil fertilization and aeration, reduced transmission of some vertebrate parasites by killing larvae and eggs, secondary seed dispersal and contribution of biomass to higher trophic levels. However, environmental disturbances can drastically alter the structure of the community, decrease diversity and lead to the loss of ecosystem functions of scarab beetles. The present study aimed to understand the diversity of scarab beetles at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. With approximately 147 hectares of extension, the UFRPE Main Campus has areas composed of vegetation from the Atlantic Forest biome. Three collections were carried out in each season, two collections in August and October 2023, in addition to four collections in the months of January, March, April and May 2024, totaling six collections. To capture scarab beetles, 10 points were delimited at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, with a minimum distance between points of 100 m. The area was mapped using the AlpineQuest program and at each of the points a set of two pitfall traps was installed, 3 m apart from each other, totaling 20 traps in the study area. Due to the fall of trees and opening of the canopy, the vegetation structure was modified, making it necessary to change some points for collection during the rainy months. For the ecological analysis, we used the Rényi Diversity Profile, the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Levene test and the Tukey test to complement the results of the Analysis of Variance. Analyzing the baits and seasons, we observed that species diversity was higher in the feces pitfalls and in the rainy season. The analysis of variance for species abundance showed that there was an interaction between the bait and season factors, in other words, the impact of one factor depends on the level of another factor, which was not observed in the analysis of variance for species richness.Item Comportamento de fêmeas de elefantes asiáticos (Elephas maximus) e africanos (Loxodonta africana) em cativeiro: uma abordagem comparativa e sua importância para o bem-estar(2024-02-07) Cabral, Isabella Ribeiro de Melo; Schiel, Nicola; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5314455811830714; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7299148914808419For animals with complex lifestyles, large size, or a more developed cognitive system, such as elephants, promoting well-being in artificial environments becomes challenging. The study of animal behavior emerges as an essential tool to ensure the well-being of these species, providing management strategies tailored to their specific needs. In our research, we focused on the behavioral repertoire of captive female elephants, aiming to comparatively evaluate the behavioral repertoire of Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) female elephants in these situations. To do this, we observed the behavior of both species through online cameras available at two zoos, each species in one zoo – Prague Zoo (Czech Republic) and Reid Park Zoo (USA) – with rigorous inclusion criteria to standardize the comparison, including: having female elephants, online cameras in the outdoor enclosures of the females, enclosures of similar sizes, similarity in reaction to the size of the elephant group, and group composition. We observed 9 behavioral categories, analyzing 6 (foraging, moving, stationary, self-maintenance, affiliative social, and agonistic social) over 13 days, with 50 hours of observation for each zoo. The Ad libitum method and the 5-minute scan sampling method were used for the elaboration of the ethogram and data collection, respectively. To verify if there were differences in the behavioral repertoire between the two species, we conducted the Mann-Whitney U test. Surprisingly, although the literature indicates differences in some behaviors between African and Asian species, such as foraging, stereotypy, and self-maintenance, we found no statistically significant differences between them in the analyzed categories, suggesting similar behaviors for both species in captivity. Our research suggests that, under the specific conditions of our participating zoos, Asian and African female elephants exhibited similar behaviors. It is essential to emphasize the importance of broader comparative studies, with comprehensive inclusion criteria, to obtain a holistic understanding of the specific behaviors of each species. This knowledge is crucial for the development of more effective care and management practices and strategies in zoo environments. The preservation of these magnificent species requires a continuous commitment to research and the development of adaptive strategies to ensure their well-being in zoo environments.Item Dinâmica comportamental do atobá-marrom (Sula leucogaster) no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha(2024-03-05) Morais, Maria Eduarda Serafim de; Carmo, Rodrigo Felipe Rodrigues do; Santos, Lucas Penna Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2928664459774625; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8603161096449726; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136042887466270Seabirds are important bioindicators of marine ecosystems. Environmental changes, such as climate alterations and anthropogenic factors, affect the occupation and behavior of several species. The Brown Booby Sula leucogaster (BODDAERT, 1783) is one of the resident species in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, an oceanic island located in the northeast region of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral dynamics of the Brown Booby in different regions of Fernando de Noronha. Data collection took place between September 23 and October 18, 2023, encompassing three sampling sites on the leeward coast (north-northwest face) and three on the windward coast (south-southeast face) of the main island. Visual samplings were divided between 7 am and 5 pm, conducted through scan and focal animal series, with 11 behaviors categorized into four classes: foraging, resting, interaction, and passage. Parameters of occurrence frequency (FO), point abundance index (IPA), and behavior frequency were analyzed. A total of 806 individuals were counted with an FO of 72.5% and an IPA of 10.1 individuals per sampling, across all study period. The windward coast showed higher abundance (max. 55 individuals) compared to the leeward coast (max. 20 individuals), although the occurrence frequency was similar between both (~73%). The highest numbers of individuals were recorded on Sueste and Caiera beaches (windward coast). A pattern of decline in individual abundance throughout the day was observed, as well as a general decrease in behavior frequency, including the quantity of attempts for deep dives. Resting activity predominated (59.6%), followed by foraging (40.1%), interactions (0.3%), and passage (0.1%), with more events occurring in the windward coast for all categories. Behavioral plasticity in seabirds is advantageous in dynamic regions such as marine environments, where prey availability varies greatly. This study helped understand the behavioral patterns of the local Brown Booby population, which is important for the development of effective visitation management strategies in Fernando de Noronha.Item Diversidade e período de atividade de besouros escarabeíneos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) da Estação Ecológica do Tapacurá(2023-09-15) Cavalcanti, Juliana Ferreira; Liberal, Carolina Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7390869942259612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3551522195847302Scarab beetles are detritivorous insects popularly known as “dung beetles”. They have a varied feeding habit, in general they can feed on feces (coprophages), decaying meat (necrophages) or decaying fruits (saprophages), or even on more than one type (generalist). Besides that, they play a very important role as bioindicators, as they are highly sensitive to environmental changes, undergoing changes in the structure of their community. Deforestation and fragmentation of forest environments are some of the most damaging disturbances to biodiversity by which scarab beetles are heavily affected. The Atlantic Forest is one of the Brazilian biomes in the most critical state of degradation, listed as one of the 36 biodiversity hotspots. The objective of this work was to know the diversity and period of activity of scarab beetles in the Atlantic Forest fragment of Tapacurá Ecological Station (8° 02′ 27.8″S and 35° 11′ 46.3″W), located in the municipality of São Lourenço da Mata, Pernambuco. Two samples were carried between the months of february and march, and march and april, where ten points were determined, distributed in order to form a transect. At each point, a set of two pitfall traps was installed, totaling 20 traps per area. Pitfalls were baited with fresh human feces and rotten bovine spleen. A total of 940 individuals distributed in five tribes, seven genera and 18 species of Scarabaeinae were captured. The most abundant species were Canthon terciae (34.47%), Deltochilum kolbei (23.40%) and Dichotomius guaribensis (14.47%). Of the 18 species collected, only 12 occurred in sufficient numbers to be classified in trophic guilds. Among these, seven were considered necrophagous , five generalists, and none were coprophagous. As for the period of activity, four species showed diurnal activity, four showed nocturnal activity, and another four species were considered of continuous activity. Rényi’s diversity profiles showed that the carrion bait had a greater diversity of species taking into account the most abundant species, and the feces bait was more diverse considering the rarest species.Item Dinâmica comportamental e alimentar de um grupo de capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, Linnaeus, 1766) no Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil(2021-12-03) Duarte, Lucas Gabriel Melo; Oliveira, Maria Adélia Borstelmann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6104426668816123; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8745900922362045Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris is the largest species of Rodentia order and live in many habitats of South America. Due to your behavioral characteristics and food plasticity they are able to form populations in urban environments as long has the mininum requirements of vegetation and a body of water. The main objective of this work is understand the behavior, landscape use and diet of a group of capybaras living in State Park of Dois Irmãos and on the zoo inserted on it. The group was monitored between September 2019 and December 2019. Behavior data was collected using the instantaneous scan method (scan), the diet items was cathegorized and noted, and the localization of the animals was recorded through direct visualization. The group use most of the time forraging (62,2%), moving (10,1%) and taking mud baths and baths (10,1%). There was two principal areas used by capybaras, with the most visited was Zoo grass área (67,95%) comparing with the Dois Irmãos Weir (32,02%). The most representative item in the diet was the introduced grass (71,59%), then wild grass, aquatic plants and provided food by the zoo employees respectively. The chi square test shows there was relation between time periods and feeding behavior. The results of landscape use and feeding behavior are related to the dry season. We concludes that the results follows the standarts habits of the species, but the presence of the Zoo in the park área and his activities influences the living habits of the capybaras throught the human presence, landscape and flora changes, resulting in behavior and área use changes.